The Abuse of Anabolic Steriods - 648 Words

According to Yavari (2009), conventionally, anabolic steroids were used to boost athletic performance and appearance by increasing muscle growth while decreasing fat. These steroids essentially raise androgenic testosterone levels within the body therefore, promoting faster muscle growth. However, today these performance enhancing drugs are no longer a preserve for bodybuilders and professional athletes. Instead they are widely by people across all age groups. Students from middle-school to high-school through to college students and adults continuously use steroids for recreational purposes. He further adds that abuse of anabolic steroids causes higher physiological concentrations of testosterone and testosterone derivatives that can adversely affect hormonal balance in the reproductive system. This can further extend to severe implications on the user’s social, reproductive and psychological wellbeing. Consequently, adverse side effects associated with abuse of steroids continue to jeopardize the health of a significant proportion of our society (Yavari, 2009), Symptoms of Abuse Amongst novice users certain physical changes may occur. These include unusually rapid muscle growth and greasy hair with oily skin accompanied with stretch marks. Others include acne outbreaks on the shoulders, heightened Gynocomastia, rapid weight gain and a receding hairline amongst others. In addition, sudden personality changes are prevalent amongst steroid abusers. They may suddenly exhibitShow MoreRelatedSelf Esteem And Body Image Problems1491 Words   |  6 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs 5.1 What are Anabolic steroids? Some athletes take a form of steroids — known as anabolic-androgen steroids or just anabolic steroids — to increase their muscle mass and strength. The main anabolic steroid hormone produced by your body is testosterone. Testosterone has two main effects on your body: Anabolic effects promote muscle building. Androgenic effects are responsible for male traits, such as facial hair and a deeper voice. TEENAGE STERIOD USE ON THE RISE Read MorePsychological Effects of Using Anabolic Steroids Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pages Anabolic Steriods. What are they? Where do they come from? Why are they used? From amateurs to pros, from body builders to football players and every sport in between, Steriods, or quot;roidsquot; as they are referred to, have been in the circle of athletes since the 1950s. Is it vanity that drives athletes to use steriods? Do they understand the end results from the abuse of quot;roidsquot;? What psychological effects do steriods have on users?In order to understand the psychological effectsRead MoreAnabolic Steroids Should Be Banned Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesAn anabolic steroid is a synthetic steroid hormone that resembles testosterone in promoting the growth of muscle (NIDA 2004). Anabolic Steroids are taken by many athletes, whether male or female and can harm the body. There are many anabolic, androgenic effects, and risks. When you continue to negatively use this kind of drug to succeed life threatening consequences come into effect. ..(needs more context ) â€Æ' Introduction In many states and surrounding countries athletes are using what are labeledRead More Anabolic Steriods Essays1261 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Weight Lifting Mrs. Registarnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; February 12, 2001 Anabolic Steriods nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Anabolic Steroids are synthetic compounds formulated to be like the male sex hormone testosterone. Many athletes use anabolic steroids male and female alike, such as body builders, weightlifters, baseball players, football players, swimmers, and runners. They do so because they mistakenlyRead MoreEssay on Anabolic Steroids1716 Words   |  7 Pages Anabolic Steroids nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Anabolic steroids are synthetic coumpounds formulated to be like the male sex hormone testosterone. Many athletes use anabolic steroids male and female alike, such as body builders , weightlifters, baseball players, football players, swimmers, and runners. They do so because they mistakenly believe that they will gain strength and size. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In a male testosterone is released by the leydig cells in the testes. The testosteroneRead MorePersonal Narrative: My Friends Steriod Use Essays1259 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Narrative: My Friends Steriod Use The media has done an excellent job of creating the ideal body type, with a bombardment of images of what we should look like. However the odds of the average person being able to fit this model are very slim indeed. Since 1997 I have been a member of a health facility where I have worked and worked trying to mold myself into that ideal type. It seems that the closer I get the farther away I am from my goal One day one of my close friends and workRead More Drug Abuse and Reprocussions Essay1781 Words   |  8 Pagesyounger age. Due to the rapid increase in drug abuse our government has looked to rehab as an alternative to jail. When a person thinks of a drug abuser one usually pictures a person that looks like thay had just jumped out of a garbage bin. What most people do not realize is that most drug offenders are the people one spends a lot of time with. Everyday humans are abusing drugs without anyone recognizing their illness (Phillips 22). Many symptoms of drug abuse are easily recognisable. Weight loss or

Informative Speech - Teen Suicide Essay - 854 Words

INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE General Subject: Informative speech; teen suicide. General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: Today I will be discussing the topic of teen suicide. Central Idea: Teen suicide is a growing health concern in the US as it is the third leading cause of death among young people [Linn-Gust, 2001]. Thesis: In order to better understand teen suicide, it is important to explore the causes of teen suicide, what are the symptoms and/or signs, and what can be done to prevent teen suicide. Organizational Pattern: Topical Pattern I. Introduction A. The pressure is mounting, the pain is unbearable, thoughts are racing through your head, you just can’t go on any longer and then the erry†¦show more content†¦2. When being a single mother, you may face some negative perceptions from society and others. Things such as: a. Your children are loose cannons and run freely because there is lack of authority within the household. b. Women cannot discipline children harsh enough and they will run over her. c. Women don’t have what it takes to teach their sons how to be a man because she is not a man. 3. Bullying and/or relationship problems are amongst the leading causes of teen suicide as well. a. May cause the children to have emotional stress which may cause depression. b. May cause the children difficulties in school academically and socially. c. May lead to a strained relationship or sense of hate toward the single mother. Transition: Most teens will show some signs or symptoms even before they commit suicide. B. Being a single mother has made me a very strong and independent person. 1. Some of the most common positive effects that I have had from a being single mother are: a. It has made me a hard worker. b. It has made me want to better myself and attend college. c. It has showed me that as long as I am willing to put my mind to it, anything is possible. It has given me strength and confidence within myself. 2. Some of the positive effects of me being single mother on my children have been: a. They have had a positiveShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech On Teen Suicide989 Words   |  4 Pages Topic: Teen Suicide Awareness Teenage suicide is preventable, and ways that the society can help prevent are through the media, in schools, and in a Teens home. General Purpose: To bring awareness to my audience on teen suicide Specific Purpose: To inform and persuade my audience to take an active role in teen suicide awareness and prevention. Thesis: Spreading Awareness to teen suicide is a means to answering their silent cry by getting knowledge and donating, After all, knowledge is a veryRead MoreOutline Of A Speech On Depression1231 Words   |  5 PagesDepression I. Speech Overview: A. General Goal: To inform. B. Specific Goal: By the end of my speech, my audience will understand the real illness that is depression and how much it does deal with my generation and the toll it has had on us and how to deal with it. II. Introduction: (This is where you start talking) A. Attention Grabber: In the second grade, after a really, really close family friend had passed away I realized that my days were kind of gloomy and that my always positive mindsetRead MoreCyberbullying Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesInformative Speech Outline Name- Cayla Kiger Specific Purpose- I will be informing you about cyber bullying Central Idea- I will be informing you about what cyber bullying actually is, the causes of cyber bullying, and the effects its has on people. Introduction I- â€Å"Around 1 in5 kids have been cyber bullied. That 1 in 5 may be your friends, your siblings, or even you.† (Cyber bullying Stats 1). II. As the majority of my audience â€Å"think† they know what cyber bullying is, I am hereRead MorePeer Pressure2910 Words   |  12 Pagesbe a welcome break from citing Mark Anthony s oft quoted, Friends, Romans, Countrymen... speech. A good debate topic does not necessarily need to be a political topic. It can be funny, informative, contemplative, social, economical - the categories are endless. Debate topics for students need to be chosen keeping in mind the maturity level and understanding that they may be expected to have about the speech topic at hand. Always make a shortlist of topics that will seem interesting to the targetRead MoreOutlining an Informative Speech: Anabolic Steroids1824 Words   |  8 Pages| Outlining an Informative SpeechAnabolic Steroids in Sports | | | OUTLINE OF SPEECH ATTENTION-GETTING OPENER An athlete is a person who is trained or skilled in exercises, sports, or games requiring physical strength, agility, or stamina. Athletes train and practice year-round to prepare for the competition and challenges. Most high school, college, amateur and professional athletes participate in sports for the opportunity to pit their abilities against those of their peers, andRead MorePlanned Parenthood Essay2715 Words   |  11 Pagesmillion people have died from AIDS since 1981. STDs often cause death, infertility, chronic pain, birth defects, amp; miscarriages. Everyday 12,000 American teens contract an STD. 1 in 5 Americans have genital herpes. 90% don’t know it and don’t show signs. There are 750,000 teen pregnancies in the U.S. a year (2,000 a day). About 80% of teen fathers don’t stay with the mom. Every 45 seconds someone in the U.S. is sexually assaulted. How can we prevent these numbers and statistics? We can with PlannedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Paperboy 2052 Words   |  9 PagesNathan and Alice. â€Å"Yeah, woopee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Alice responded sarcastically. Since Colin’s old paper route, he really hasn’t changed. He’s still the peppy, happy child as he was, but the others have really changed. Luckily for Nathan, he was able to go into speech therapy, helping him out with his speaking so much. Kids no longer call him mentally challenged. But for Alice, she has seemed to go into a depression as if since her young days, her glass eye would haunt her. â€Å"Why aren’t you excited Alice? it’s theRead MoreSpeech to Inform8146 Words   |  33 PagesSpeech To Inform Speech to inform:Euro-2012 In April 2007, Ukraine and Poland were named co-hosts for Euro 2012 tournament. This joint bid, taking into account Ukraines tough economic condition and administration problems, has become a headache for UEFA President Michel Platini. The matches will be staged at eight venues, divided between the co-host countries. Ukraine is behind the schedule, having problems with modernization of airports, roads, and rail networks. As a co-host country, Poland seemsRead MoreCommunity Health Presentation : Caring For Our Veterans3541 Words   |  15 Pagesveterans†. Johnson, Boudiab, Freundl, Anthony, Gmerek and Carter, (2013) discussed the unique healthcare issues that veterans experience. Some of the identified issues are: hazardous exposures, polytrauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, suicide, and homelessness. The article provided evidence-based assessment tools and guidelines for treatment. Also included is a most helpful table of websites that offer educational materials, tools, and services for veterans. Civilian health care providersRead More Media Does NOT Control Society Essay examples3518 Words   |  15 Pagessensitivities or possible maim Junior for life, its coming from the views of the gay and lesbian community, the ones who are being censored out. The gay and lesbian community are fighting tooth and nail just to get the basic rights of Freedom of Speech and Freedom of the Press to be abided by, forget try and properly educate the nation about what they are all about. People fear what they do not know, and people can be are very prejudice about things that are not them selves, especially when it

Summary of Plato’s Protagoras Free Essays

Summary Protagoras In Plato’s dialogue â€Å"Protagoras† Socrates tells a companion his experience and interview with a man he deems fairer than Alcibiades. His name is then revealed to be Protagoras. Protagoras is described as a wise man because if one makes friends with him and gives him money, he would make the benefactor as wise as he is himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Plato’s Protagoras or any similar topic only for you Order Now From this it can be understood that Protagoras has the gift of speech. He is able to persuade a man as well as have him to whatever he wishes. A Socrates question that, if soul is more sacred than body, why does Hippocrates choose Protagoras over his family and friends to consult in the matter. He believes that Hippocrates does not even know what a Sophist truly is but still chooses to offer his soul to him. Socrates believes that the food of the soul. He compares a Sophist to a dealer and as all dealers they praise all of their goods indiscriminately. So the customer is in danger of purchasing something that may harm him. If one is not a specialist in the particular field he may be cheated. When absorbing the knowledge of a Sophist one should also be careful and calculate what knowledge is useful to him, as the knowledge will have effects on the soul. Then Protagoras says that by associating with him, he would make Hippocrates a better man by sharing his wisdom daily. He would teach him prudence in private and public affairs, teach him to order his house in the best manner, teach him speak in the affairs of the state. So to say, teach politics and make a good citizen out of him. However, Socrates doubts this. He says in the affairs of the state every citizen has a say and it does not matter if he is or is not taught politics. As well, he says that if a man does gain wisdom there is no guarantee that he would share it with others or be acknowledged for it. Although, the man is given the gift of wisdom in comparison to other animals, he is not able to govern himself properly, which results in raging, never-ending wars and conflict. Every man if taught properly can attain needed skills (medicine, sciences), however, those already able to teach did not choose lightly their pupils. Good and bad qualities may be influenced by nature and chance. A rational man does not punish in regards of the past (something that cannot be undone) but thinking about the future. He punishes to prevent the wrong from repeating so as emphasising that virtue may be taught. A man punishes those he believes are evildoers. Protagoras believes that justice, temperance and holiness must be taught to all who wish to learn. If the pupil does wrong, he must be punished so he would become better. Those who refuse should be exiled or sentenced to death, as they would be deemed as incurable. People teach each other their virtues according to their own abilities. It may be difficult to find a teacher for an expert artisan but easy for one who is a complete beginner. Virtue may be divided into parts, for example, justice, temperance, and holiness. Although, they are all related, they also differ. They each have their own function. It is said that each quality or action has only one opposite but both temperance and wisdom were concluded to have the same opposite – folly. Later, the characters analyse poems. It is said that it may be hard to become good but impossible to remain good as a man makes mistakes and has weaknesses. Circumstances may make the man lose his goodness. They question what makes a man good. It is said that the good man may become bad in time, but the bad man cannot become bad, as he is already bad. * While a good man will feel for those wronged as well as his family and his country, a bad man will gain join and find faults. How to cite Summary of Plato’s Protagoras, Essay examples

Effective Communication in Primary Schools free essay sample

Similarly, if the staff is not trained in the effective use of communication, especially nonverbal communication, then the purpose for which the building is being constructed will be lost. It is imperative that the importance of areas which contribute to effective learning such as class layout, design and colour, staff competence and discipline be understood, so that this project achieves its overall objectives. As Erdiston and Carrington Primary schools prepare to merge in 2009 and become one school, there are several factors which must be considered, if this new school is to be a productive learning institution.To provide education is not just to provide a space in which students learn, it is also to provide the right environment and resources to facilitate learning. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to provide the Ministry of Education with the information necessary for them to make sound decisions in a. Contracting the building to ensure that the design, layout and use of colour is conducive to learning and b. Selecting and providing teachers and other relevant human resources with the knowledge and understanding of nonverbal communication, use of the new layout, positive discipline and overall development of the students.Our objective as Communication Psychologists, is to enable Government to provide a strong and practical foundation for these students by removing the barriers to effective interaction. While this document does not aim to provide a background on Educational Psychology, it does aim to give its reader a clear understanding of the impact of non-verbal communication in a learning environment and its relevance to the objectives of the proposal. There are several different learning strategies which, if applied correctly, can be very effective in the classroom.However, correctly, is the operative word; most good strategies require an environment which will allow successful communication to take place. Although generally people interpret communication to mean verbal forms of expr ession, for learning to take place successfully, we must consider non-verbal communication as well. Verbal communication takes place easily and with relative control over what is said, read or even sung. However, this type of communication accounts for only 7% of all forms of communication. (Galloway, C. 1972).It stands to reason then, that this form of communication does not contribute to the learning process as significantly as we traditionally believed. On the other hand, the non-verbal form of communication represents 55% of the communication process and requires more effort to control, given the numerous ways in which it is delivered. (Mehrabian, A. 1968). It is imperative that all the stakeholders in the establishment of the new school understand that the success of this type of interaction between student and teacher is influenced by both the physical design of the classrooms and other learning areas.The theory of Proxemics shows how intimate, personal and social distance varies according to culture. In a Barbadian school setting, one should be mindful of the types of spaces that are created. The classrooms should be spacious so that pupils can interact with one another in their informal space. This comprises the personal space around the body that travels around with a person as he/she moves, and that determines the personal distance among people. (Low, S. M. , Lawrence-Zuniga, D. (2003). The room itself should conform to a semi-fixed-feature which comprises movable objects, such as tables, chairs, patricians, etc.Such consideration should also be given to playgrounds, libraries, lunchrooms, etc. When designing the room, the question â€Å"what do we want to achieve here† should be asked and, based on the answer, a determination should be made as to the type of space it should be. The colour of the classroom is also important since the environment influences nonverbal communication and colors in the background are thought to influence moods and behaviors. For example, the soft color of green is often painted onto library walls, providing a quiet, restful atmosphere. (Low, S.M. , Lawrence-Zuniga, D. (2003). Similarly, the classrooms should be painted in various age-appropriate colours, to excite and stimulate learning at infant level and a more calming contrast at junior level to promote clear thinking. Lighting is also important, not only to increase visibility but also to influence moods. A poorly lit room, for example, might lend to laziness or distraction. Most, if not all public schools in Barbados, use the Traditional Classroom Setting where all the students sit facing forward, in columns across the width of the class.However, this setting is not the most effective for learning, as a large number of students are not in the visual range of the teacher. Instead, the horseshoe arrangement shown below in Diagram 1 is more suitable for teacher-student and student-student interaction. (Introduction in Nonverbal, n. d. ) Diagram 1 [pic] Classes with fairly small enrollments are often arranged in this fashion. This option is popular when student are given the opportunity of arranging their classroom. Such an arrangement offers each student equivalent visual access to most other students and the teacher.If the teacher desires that the full-class interaction occur, the horseshoe arrangement may be the most desirable. This will encourage an equal amount interaction both among the students and between students and teacher. Noise reduction is another critical area of concern; noise and poor acoustics in a classroom means poor student concentration and reduced teacher effectiveness. Poor acoustics in classrooms can affect the child’s ability to recognize speech, as well as hinder its psychosocial and psychoeducational development.Recent research showed that the sound of one chair scraping on the floor of a classroom was measured at 80 dB although teachers voice loudness levels average 60-65 dB. This amount of excess noise may reduce speech recognition up to 10-40%. (Accoustic Resources, n. d. ) Therefore, the building should be constructed in a way that reduces both internal and external noises. In other words, the architecture of the building should provide insulation from the traffic and other external noises while classrooms should have enough noise insulation to reduce, if not eliminate the sounds from neighboring classrooms.In addition to the physical structure of the building, the teaching resources need to be addressed. The recommended class layout will reduce the number of students per class and subsequently, the number of classrooms in the school to accommodate the expected role of 450. We expect that there will be at least twenty-two class rooms with approximately 20 students each, and the additional spaces should be designed to allow the relative number of users based on the total role. The entire school needs to be adequately staffed, including teachers, administration and ancillary staff.However, the teaching staff is our focus as we seek to improve the standard of education at primary level. Teachers should be made aware of non-verbal communication so that they may learn how to obtain accurate and useful information about their own behavior and its meaning to their students. They should also be familiar with the techniques of observing and detecting nonverbal information that is transmitted by students. (Galloway, C. M. 1972). For example, the variety of ways in which teacher and students walk, stand, or sit can all affect interpersonal perception.The teacher who slouches or twitches when talking to students is not likely to be perceived as a composed person. Conversely, the teacher who always appears unruffled regardless of the circumstances is likely to be perceived as cold and withdrawn. Body postures and movements are frequently used as indicators of self-confidence, energy, fatigue, or status. In the classroom, students keen to receive body messages of enthusiasm or boredom about the subject matter being taught can sense confidence or frustration from the unconscious behaviors of teachers. (Introduction in Nonverbal, n. . ) Many of the cues students use to make judgments about teachers competence or characters are obtained by observing the teachers non-verbal behavior. Some aspects of non-verbal communication can be arranged before the classroom session begins. According to Neill and Caswell (1993), dress can be used as a â€Å"fixed signal† of the kind of person they would like to be taken as. Non-verbal cues such as unkempt hair or a lack of care about dress may indicate a disturbed inner state, while someone neatly dressed with a well-groomed look will be perceived as in control (Hills, P. J. 1986). Teachers should also understand the use of body language such as gestures, eye contact and paralanguage as means to communicate with students. And finally, behavior management without corpral punishment must be given consideration. Most people believe that classroom discipline lies in the role of verbal communication and corporal punishment. However, the role of nonverbal communication has been proven more effective. (Charles, C. M. 2002). By using body language such as facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and physical proximity, students’ misbehaviors can be prevented or corrected.The key is in helping students support their own self-control so that they behave properly and maintain a positive attitude. (Charles, C. M. 2002). According to C. M. Charles, (2002), Members of any community (i. e. students and staff in school) strive to exhibit the values and standards which are held, expressed, and reinforced within their society, their family/friends, and them. Children must gain self control and the ability to recognize social and environmental cues. Further, they must gain an appreciation of themselves and others as individual within a community where ersonal decisions affect their future.

World War 2 Essays (267 words) - Freemen Of The City Of London

World War 2 Americas Involvement in World War 2 When the War broke out in 1939 all of America wanted to be neutral. In-fact, in 1939 a Gallup poll showed that ninety-nine percent of Americans wanted to remain neutral. Throughout the years before Roosevelt was president, the presidents, like Warren G. Harding had America in an isolationist state. When Roosevelt became president, he was also in the isolationist state of mind. He wanted to keep America out of battle, but also stop the Nazis. In 1939, America brought itself one step closer to war, by passing the Neutrality Act. This Act let the Allies buy arms and ammunition from America if the supplies were transported in non-American ships. The production of the war supplies gave many Americans jobs and helped the economy. During this time the Germans were moving to control all of France and England, so Roosevelt was beginning to worry that if the Germans gained total control of Europe, that America would be next. Also at this time, Japan was growing in power and they were against a ll that America was doing. America grew a great deal closer to war with the Germans, when a German U-boat attacked the USS Greer. After this clash, Roosevelt told the battleships that they could shoot at the German boats. Then on December 7th, the Japanese boomed Pearl Harbor, which now gave America a reason to go to war against the Aggressors. The next day, Congress overwhelmingly declared war against Japan, then on the 11 of December, the aggressors declared war on us. History Essays

7 Steps to Stop Overthinking Everything in Your Life

7 Steps to Stop Overthinking Everything in Your Life You know you do it. It takes you half an hour to decide which sandwich to order at lunch. A week to decide what to do with your weekend. Years to decide in which direction you want to take your career. You tell yourself just to make a darn decision, but as soon as you do the chorus of doubts and second-guessing starts. If you want to make faster and better life decisions, it’s important to stop overthinking everything in your life. Here are 7 excellent strategies for how to clear your head.1. Zoom out and look at the big pictureBe a bit more mindful and start observing your thoughts from a distance. Rather than getting all caught up in the moment, observe your process and try to take the panic out of it. Simply noticing the restlessness of your mind without being swept away by that can help.2. Write it downIf you don’t have someone to talk your options through with, you can always talk them through with yourself- at least on paper. You’ll be able to organize (and see) your thought process and perhaps see the situation much more clearly.3. Stop thinking so muchSometimes designating â€Å"no-thinking times† is the way to go. If you have trouble sleeping, for example, limit yourself to not thinking about stressful things after 8 p.m. Or, you could schedule specific thinking time (say in 20 minute sections) and try to keep the hamster wheel still the rest of your day. When your time is up, move on to something more productive and try again in your next designated time slot.4.  Walk away for a momentIt’s really hard to concentrate on two things at once. Distract yourself from mental torture by doing literally anything else. Find an absorbing activity and use it as a cure-all for depressed or stressed moments.5. Be proactiveBreak a thought spiral by taking proactive steps towards getting something done. Pick one thing you can do now and focus on that. Do that one thing. And whenever you find yourself worrying endlessly about the f uture, take a break and repeat.6. Listen to and trust yourselfYour own opinion matters. Respect it. Trust yourself to make the right choice. And let go of the doubts.7. Know you can change your mindEven if you do make the â€Å"wrong† choice, don’t despair. It’s not worth gnashing your teeth over a decision when you’re really just worried you won’t choose correctly. Take away that fear by realizing that, no matter what happens, you can always change the wrong decision and correct things. No decisions are final. So no decisions require agonizing deliberation.

Genogram Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Genogram Analysis - Coursework Example ily members and whether the married or divorced, the diseases and health conditions that afflicted them and varied other facts depending on the type of information that is decided to be used in the configuration of a Genogram. That is why a Genogram is of immense relevance for tracing the salient traits and attributes in one’s family. Thereby I must acknowledge the fact that configuring a Genogram of my family turned out to be am immensely informative and insightful experience for me. Well, I must acknowledge the fact that I was quiet conversant with much of the information pertaining to my family and varied family members existing across varied generations that I required to construct a Genogram of my family. However, as it is with a Genogram, one need to have many intricate details about one’s family members so as to be able to compile and configure a truly informative and viable Genogram. Thereby I was required to solicit the help of my father so as to cull out the detailed information as to my family. My father as his other brothers is quiet conversant with the family history and the intricate details concerning the family as to the varied health conditions that afflicted or afflict varied family members, the marital history of the family members and the names of the spouses of the various family members. Belonging to the second generation of the family, and being a person with panache for details, my father readily helped in providing the data pertain ing to my family when I told him that I needed it to compile a Genogram of our family. I also sorted out tits bits from many other family members also. Well if I consult the Genogram of my family I could see that the success rates of the marriages in my family is not that high. My grandparents that are Lawrence V Ray and Julia Ray were divorced. One of my uncles Richard Ray never married, and my father and my uncle Charles Ray did divorce their first wife and remarried. If I take a look at the marital

Chinese Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Chinese Economy - Assignment Example During this period the trade regime comprised of central planning that was generally a Residual category with respect to domestic capacity. Post-reform and pre-WTO: This was also called dual trade regime. There was devaluation of currency from $1 which was equivalent to 1.4 Yuan to 1 dollar being equivalent to 8.7 Yuan, this was a around 1994.Expoters were allowed to keep percentage of foreign exchange In 1996 there was current account convertibility. Dual track was advantageous in the following ways, in that the new sector benefit whereas the old sector is not hurt. Free market was also introduced and did not interfere with the existing old sector. Post-World Trade Organization. During this period there was tariff reduction and also removal of non-tariff barriers that included quotas, licensing and quantitative restrictions. Major services included telecommunication with advent of internet provision; there were also financial services and professional services like consultancy and a ccounting. 2. How did the dual-track foreign exchange market work? How did the dual-track in Foreign trade work? This period was majorly between 1986 and 1993.It involved: a) Currency devaluation from one dollar which was equivalent 1.4 Yuan to one dollar being equivalent to 8.7 Yuan in 1994. The devaluation of currency was encouraged to promote the number of exports. ... The Chinas foreign reserve by 2006 was over one trillion dollars which was more than a year’s import. d) In this period there was duty free and many processing zones were created, there were witnessed tax holidays for some specific industries to steer their growth. e) Little interference was witnessed and also free duty on goods purchased for the purpose of making export goods .Other countries that did the same were Island in India Ocean and Mauritius. f) The period experiences an increase in the no. of trade in terms of international firms. In general the exporters were in insulated against the forever world trade in general. 3. Why a dual-track instead of a single-track? Use the examples in foreign exchange and foreign trade to explain the advantages and disadvantages of a dual-track Dual track referred to coexistence of two coordination mechanisms (plan and market) and not to the coexistence of two ownership systems the dual-track system allowed state firms to transact and cooperate with non state firms, allowing valuable flexibility. But the growing importance of collective, private, and foreign-invested firms should be considered. It implied two tier pricing system for most goods. The greatest advantages of the dual as opposed to single track were that there was the introduction of free trade. In this system there were tax holidays that further encouraged more foreign investments. In respect to this the dual was evidently better than one single track system that was not as economically viable because single track meant the entire economy was planned. Planned economy in a way reduced investments and discouraged free trade. 4. Why is there a huge discrepancy

MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING QUIZ 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING QUIZ 2 - Essay Example Thompson will not carry an inventory of these items. When pricing products, many companies use target costing and/or cost-plus pricing methods. A. Briefly explain how target costing is applied to new products. B. How does target costing differ from cost-plus pricing? A. When using target pricing for new products, a market research is conducted to preferred price the customers are willing to pay for a product and the top list of preferred features in the product. Based on this price and a standard profit markup, the total cost on the product is arrived at. An analysis is made on the features that can be added to the product at the specified cost. The features are then finalized by adjusting the price of the product to meet the customer preferences. B. In the traditional cost plus pricing, fixed and variable costs are applied and then a profit markup is added to arrive at the final selling price. In the target pricing method, the selling price is fixed for a product and then a desired profit markup is subtracted from this price to arrive at the cost of the

Importance of the Internet in Modern Education

Importance of the Internet in Modern Education IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET IN MODERN EDUCATION Things are changing rapidly as the world is progressing. in this modern world people are using advanced machines to do their work. Computer is the most advanced machine that people use to do their work. This particular machine is used in every field of life. Advanced techniques are used with help of computers to diagnose dangerous diseases. Advanced manufacturing techniques are used with the help of computers to manufacture the products. Computers are extensively used in the field of engineering. In past one machine was used to perform only a single task but now-a-days with the help of computers you can perform different tasks at one time. In modern business environment computers have special importance. A huge amount of time is saved due to multitasking. In business terms time is money, so if you are saving time you are saving money as well. Due to multitasking the costs of businesses have reduced. What is the meaning of multitasking? It means that running several programs simultane ously. Since modern computers typically execute instructions several orders of magnitude faster than human perception, it may appear that many programs are running at the same time even though only one is ever executing in any given instant. Multitasking may slow down a computer that is running several programs at one time. Many advanced computers are designed to share their work across many CPUs. This process is called multiprocessing. This technique is generally used in powerful computers such as super computers, mainframe computers and serves. Thus, the entire world is fully dependent on computers. Due to this factor demand of computers has been increased. Computers have changed the way we work, be it any profession. Therefore, it is only but natural the role of computers in education has been given a lot of prominence in the recent years. Computers play a vital role in every field . How Is Distance Learning Different From Online Education? Distance learning institutes are serving a very important cause by enabling the less privileged sectors of the society to pursue higher education of their choice. The Distance learning program has come a long way as a medium of providing education to the professionals as well as the others who could not get chances to avail regular education. For this reason, a skeptical opinion about the prospects of distance learning courses has taken a bright turn. Distance learning is the modern term used for conventional correspondence courses. An off-campus educational program is just like a traditional one except the student will not have to spend as much, if any, time away from their homes to attend classes. This is a great for option for the working people who can not think of quitting their jobs in lieu of studying further. Although some people tend to associate distance learning with online education, a thin line of distinction exists between the two. While all the online degree programs belong to the family of the distance learning program, it is improper to term the distance-learning courses as the online ones. This is because the technology used in both the modes may be different in some cases. An online mode of education can be termed as a system which allows you to complete your bachelor degree or even master degree with the regular updates from the university you have enrolled yourself into. In case of a distance learning program you dont have any option to interact with you mentors or and clear you doubts or queries. In India, benefits of the distance learning program are more than the online education system. India is a developing country, so it not possible for the majority of the citizens to surf internet to complete their higher studies. Distance Learning Courses in India is increasingly becoming popular. The easy access to any of the distance learning courses enables a person to pursue education from any state or university according to his or her preference. As the fees of these courses are lesser than that of the regular courses, distance-learning courses in India have also become popular in the rural areas. There are, at present eleven open universities in India that provide distance education for those who are interested in taking up any of the educational courses in accordance with their wishes. Digital Signs For Education: Technology Continues To Evolve Our Centers Of Education Education is a dynamic process in any society, and experts agree that it takes a wide range of different communication styles to get across to all the different learning styles that exist. As our modern world evolves and becomes more sophisticated, so do our learning institutions. And one way technology is being used to continually adapt to the complicated learning process and make it more efficient than ever is by using digital signs for education. Here are just 5 ways that interactive digital media is being used in our top learning centers. Bulletin Boards Digital platforms are an extremely efficient means for replacing the drab bulletin boards of the past and create a vibrant, attention-getting visual display with video and audio for maximum effect. The bulletin boards were a waste of paper that was always being thrown out and after time even the boards themselves broke down and needed to be wasted. A video wall does not produce this kind of waste and gives information in way that will be noticed and not easily forgotten. Navigation Bigger universities are finding that interactive displays are excellent tools for assisting navigation around new universities for students and visitors alike. Complex mapping systems that plan out your route with a couple touches of the finger and concierge displays delivering essential information provide a great way to communicate with someone who is unsure of where to go and what to do. Less freshmen stumbling around with a dazed look on their face and less wasted time for employees giving directions for the hundredth time in a day. Donor Recognition Many of our top universities survived under the support of generous donors who wanted to give back to society or had a special place in their heart for that particular university. Interactive displays provide creative means of recognizing those contributions in a modern, eye-catching way that does wonders for the image of everyone involved. Donors feel a significant effort has gone into showing appreciation for their efforts and universities show they are embracing modern technology and staying ahead of trends. Posters Part of education involves other ways of communicating with studentssuch as informing about societal issues, advertising necessary services relevant to college students, and simply providing entertainment venues to keep college life exciting and welcoming. This is why you so often see posters plastered across the campus. Digital signs once again take away the need for wasted paper and communicate much more effectively. And instead of tearing down all the old stuff again and again, you can simply enter new data into online software from any comfortable location. Emergency Systems We all wish university life consisted of nothing but learning, growing, and having good times together. Unfortunately, bad things do happen, and certain aspects of modern culture have made tragic universities occurrences all to commonplace. And any venue this size needs an organized emergency system. A network of digital signs can provide that immediately, broadcasting images and announcements all prepared in advance. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Education Online education is to learn via a computer with internet connection. Getting an online education has become tremendous in these days. It provides opportunity to new educational program for students of all ages no matter if you are looking for a diploma or degree program or some specialized certification to supplement your knowledge. People considering online education should carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages; here are the major advantages and disadvantages of online education that you must know. One of the major advantages of online education is the convenience. In todays busy lifestyle, most people have no time to have traditional learning to take time off from your schedule to attend regular and routine educational institution. Online education provides access to learn at any time, allows the flexibility to schedule your learning, what you need to have only computer and internet connection at home. Online education is also a great choice for those students with physical handicaps, which may prevent them from travelling to a college or university. Similarly, if you are shy or linguistically-challenged, learning in an online course may be a great option to learn in a class. Besides that, students can learn from anywhere in the world through online education, it benefits students who wish to study in a different country, they can learn different culture and knowledge from different country. In the contrary, one of the major disadvantages of online education is having the discipline of time management. If you cant able to manage time and schedule, online education will not be a suitable method of learning for you. You will probably perform better with the structure of traditional learning. If you are this kind of person, letting yourself to study at your own place and cant concentrate and be aggressive with your own schedule, you are not the right candidate for online education. Another disadvantage is the lack of oral communication. Since online education encourages communication through e-mail or text chatting only, you do not have opportunity to hear questions and discussion from other students. You may be deprived of scope to improve your oral communication skills. Before you pursue your online education, think twice that are you able to communicate well through words and texts? Online education isnt for everyone, it depends on the kind of attitude and personality you are. e-Learning initiatives in India in last few years Arguably, the most talked about Indian e-Learning project is the NPTEL project. NPTEL (National Programme onTechnology Enhanced Learning) was conceived in 1999 and funded by MHRD (Ministry of Human Resource and Development). Under the project, 7 IITs (Indian Institutes of Technology) and IISc (Indian Institute of Science) Bangalore, worked on the Rs 20.5 crore project from 2003 to 2006, to create 112 video courses and 116 web courses. All these courses are on undergraduate engineering topics, and made to meet most of the requirements of an engineering undergraduate program (at any Indian university). These courses are available to students, working professionals and colleges (both government-aided and private) at virtually no cost or very low cost . Coming to the usage of NPTEL resources, here are some interesting statistics Number of visitors In the initial 10 month period since September 2006, there were 580,000 visitors to the site and of which 160,000 registered . NPTEL site usage now As per Alexa site, 21% of visitors to iitm.ac.in website visit the NPTEL section. The iitm.ac.in website has a rank of 9813 in India. ( http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details/nptel.iitm.ac.in) NPTEL video course details from YouTube As per YouTube site, it is YouTube Indias most subscribed channel with 10,148 subscribers and 353,632 views of the channel ( as on 22nd January 2009, http://in.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd) One of the observations is that there is lot of interest (more so during initial launch period), but it is not getting converted into results. The students/ institutions still need to be able to convert this into a usable experience, and improve their learning. Another commercially successful initiative is MBA Programs being conducted for Working Professionals using Satellite Video technology, by institutions like IIM-Calcutta, IIM-Calicut, IIT-Delhi, IIFT, IIT Bombay, XLRI etc. This was done by these instituions using services provided by companies like HughesNet (formerly Hughes Direcway), Reliance Infocom and now NIIT Imperia. The author could not find reliable information on number of students using these programs, but it is estimated at close to 10,000 annually. HughesNet itself has 2000 such centres in India. This is a successful example in the sense that it met the demand for quality education for working professionals in the city where they are located. It has been an economically viable model for the institutes, the technology providers as well as the students. It will do well to enlist what made this a success Premier institutes like IIMs, IITs, XLRI etc provided faculty who take the classes, run the program, ensure quality and institutes provide certificates to students. Institutes spent valuable faculty time and effort in creating and upgrading courseware specifically for these programs during the last 10 years or so. The vendor companies opened centres across India, for students to come in and view lectures and attend classes. Satellite-based video technology is used to beam live lectures from the institute studio to the centres. Learning Management System software is used to supplement this for giving assignments, reading material and collaboration among students and faculty. The companies also set-up studios in partner institutes to enable lecture beaming. And as we see, it was a comprehensive solution encompassing quality content, great technology, and services (marketing, infrastructure etc) to meet student need. Sakshat Portal from MHRD is another well-known e-Learning initiative. Modelled on lines of MIT OCW, it has been designed and developed by IGNOU for Ministry of HRD, as a repository of eBooks, eJournals, Digital Repository and other student-relevant information [4]. Study material is classified into various topics. Another related initiative again from IGNOU is eGyankosh another digital repository for learning resources. It has been developed with the objective of long-term preservation of learning materials. Some of the other lesser known e-Learning initiatives/ projects in India are Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham This initiative launched in 2004 uses satellite technology to connect 4 campuses of Amrita University located in 4 cities of South India. There is a collaboration with US universities also, and the project was expected to expand to 200 universities. It was based on technological support from ISRO [ BITS Pilani It has established a virtual university, with DIT sponsorship. BITS has been one of the pioneers in distance education. BITS has been providing courses for working professionals in distance education mode leveraging technology . Jadavpur University It started a new inter-disciplinary Masters in Multimedia Development course in2000-01 as a distance education course using print material, CD ROM, and web-based learning environment. Technology was provided by CDAC Kolkatta and CMC. Aligarh Muslim University It worked on a project in 2006-07 to take its distance education program online, starting with a few courses which are industry-relevant. Central Institute of English and Foreign Language, Hyderabad It had a project for online learning software set-up and usage in 2006. Many other universities and colleges had had small projects/ initiatives where they bought software, hardware and other technology products, got content development done for e-Learning launch. It included the likes of Hyderabad University, Kerala University, Terna College Mumbai, MDI Gurgaon, etc. Remarks Based on the survey results, several suggestions are offered to improve the quality of web-based instruction for the statistical educations. It will be a useful guide for the best role of the internet in statistical education The highest priority needs are the improvement of hardware and network environment. Students need more fluent voice service and image file. The drawback is that we need a huge memory. Integration of library resources, dynamic lecture notes like videos or frequent animation into web-based courses was needed. Encouragement of active student-instructer and student-student interactions. Providing of initial training and continual support to students and instructors. Adoption of professional instructional design strategies. It is better to develop new paradigm of teaching statistics. For example more high technology computer based method, team teaching, problem based learning system etc. Continual monitoring of courses.

The Symbolism of Self Violence Essay -- Psychology Papers

The Symbolism of Self Violence I enrolled in this class in semiotics in order to see if the semiotic approach would give me a greater understanding or give meaning to what I do for a living. It seems natural that I would try to employ the method with the problems that vex me the most. I hope that any reader of this text will appreciate the attempt at interpretation of meaning and not focus on the sensationalism or strangeness of the behaviors that I will describe. I must give credit for the idea of looking at the symbolism of self-violence to James Gilligan in his book, "Violence" in which he examines the symbolism of violence towards others (Gilligan , 1996) . This paper is an attempt to bring meaning or understanding to the behaviors of the residents where I am employed, specifically self-inflicted harm or self-injurious behaviors. I will first describe the behaviors, then define them in the theories that I have used for many years, and finally attempt to make meaning from the behaviors through semiotics. Jane, not her real name, became upset one night while I was at work. I was called to help stop her, as she had ran into the bathroom where she was making cuts on her face with a piece of mirror she broke from a compact. She made four parallel superficial lines of about two centimeters downwards from her left eye. David was in the seclusionary time-out room for physical aggression as well as verbal aggression towards a female staff. He had taken his tee shirt off and had torn it into long narrow strips, which he used to tie around his neck and to tie his hands and fingers together and still attached to his neck. His arms were flexed upwards towards his neck in order to make the strips reach both. Another boy of ... ...unction well during the other parts of the day. My purpose for writing this essay has been to examine the standard approaches to understanding self-injury and then apply a semiotic approach to the self-injury. The teenagers that I give as examples are individuals whose behavior has defied explanation and treatment through the conventional means. I find some freedom and hope in viewing their behaviors as being more symbolic. References Aaltonen, J, & Rakkolainen, V. (1994). The shared image guiding the treatment process: A precondition for integration of the treatment of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164(suppl 23), 97-102. Danesi, M. (1998). Sign, thought, & culture: A basic course in semiotics. Canadian Scholarsà ­ Press: Toronto, Ontario. Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Our deadly epidemic and its causes. Putnam: New York, New York. The Symbolism of Self Violence Essay -- Psychology Papers The Symbolism of Self Violence I enrolled in this class in semiotics in order to see if the semiotic approach would give me a greater understanding or give meaning to what I do for a living. It seems natural that I would try to employ the method with the problems that vex me the most. I hope that any reader of this text will appreciate the attempt at interpretation of meaning and not focus on the sensationalism or strangeness of the behaviors that I will describe. I must give credit for the idea of looking at the symbolism of self-violence to James Gilligan in his book, "Violence" in which he examines the symbolism of violence towards others (Gilligan , 1996) . This paper is an attempt to bring meaning or understanding to the behaviors of the residents where I am employed, specifically self-inflicted harm or self-injurious behaviors. I will first describe the behaviors, then define them in the theories that I have used for many years, and finally attempt to make meaning from the behaviors through semiotics. Jane, not her real name, became upset one night while I was at work. I was called to help stop her, as she had ran into the bathroom where she was making cuts on her face with a piece of mirror she broke from a compact. She made four parallel superficial lines of about two centimeters downwards from her left eye. David was in the seclusionary time-out room for physical aggression as well as verbal aggression towards a female staff. He had taken his tee shirt off and had torn it into long narrow strips, which he used to tie around his neck and to tie his hands and fingers together and still attached to his neck. His arms were flexed upwards towards his neck in order to make the strips reach both. Another boy of ... ...unction well during the other parts of the day. My purpose for writing this essay has been to examine the standard approaches to understanding self-injury and then apply a semiotic approach to the self-injury. The teenagers that I give as examples are individuals whose behavior has defied explanation and treatment through the conventional means. I find some freedom and hope in viewing their behaviors as being more symbolic. References Aaltonen, J, & Rakkolainen, V. (1994). The shared image guiding the treatment process: A precondition for integration of the treatment of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164(suppl 23), 97-102. Danesi, M. (1998). Sign, thought, & culture: A basic course in semiotics. Canadian Scholarsà ­ Press: Toronto, Ontario. Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Our deadly epidemic and its causes. Putnam: New York, New York.

What Is It About Theories in the Human Sciences and Natural Sciences That Makes Them Convincing

When I was very young, my science teacher taught me Charles Darwin’s evolution theory, and I never doubted that theory since Darwin is a well-known scientist and the authority in the field of biology. Until one day, I became a Christian; I need to accept another theory which is that human beings are created by God. My knowledge had a crash. I have never seen neither earlier species develop to human beings nor God creates human beings by using mud. That is when I started to question the knowledge that I have acquired from all the areas of knowledge. Why I am convinced by the theories?What do I or should I really believe? When I was first introduced to Newton’s third law of motions which is the mutual force of action and reaction between two bodies are equal, opposite and collinear; I doubted it for a very long time. Since every time when I play roller skate and hit to a wall, I am the one who falls and got hurt, then how can I believe the wall got the same mutual force f rom me as well? However, one day, my teacher brought two same sized basketballs to the class. He put both of them on the floor and called two students to push the balls.When the basketballs collided with each other; both of them started to move backward. That is how my teacher proved Newton’s third law of motion and that’s when I started to believe. My sight as one of the sense perception witnessed someone prove the law and based on the past experiences, my sense perception rarely lies to me ergo I accepted something that I did not believe in natural science because of my faith in the sense perception. Also, as an IB natural science student, I knew that there is a very strict systematic methodology (observation, hypothesis, experiment, law, and theory) in natural science.If some scientist wants to find a theory form his or her observation then he or she needs to follow the methodology precisely so that other scientist could use the same method to recreate the experimen t and to prove the theory. In other words, natural science is universal; the theory will not change because of culture, gender or age etc. just like playing piano, as long as one gets the piano sheets, the melody that he or she plays will be the same with others who are at the different age or have different cultural background.However, one’s emotion could effects the accuracy of the natural sciences sometimes. The natural scientists therefore are required to do the experiment over and over again also they try to control all the possible variables in order to avoid the result affected by the emotion. For me, I can prove theories in natural sciences by using the same method as the scientist did. No matter how many times I do the experiment. The result does not change. The strict and universally accept methodology makes me have a very strong faith in theories in natural sciences.Even though we can use different methods to justify most of the natural science theories, some of th e theories are so abstract that even some of the scientists cannot understand them. When facing those theories that I am not smart enough to question or to challenge, I am not a natural science student anymore, I became like an uneducated child, but I am still convinced by those abstruse theories. This is not blind faith, I used reasoning as a way of knowing to decide whether the knowledge is convincing.When I read â€Å"the Brief History of Time† by Steven Hawking I did not understand any theories mentioned in the book, but I still believe it. This is because that since a lot of Hawking’s theories had been commonly accepted, I believe that he is an authority in the field of physics and many other scientists are convinced by Hawking too. As he has been right for a long time ergo I assumed there is enough reason to believe he is right for this time as well. Since there are not many potions and are not many theories that I known of are competing with Hawking’s.I a m sometimes convinced by one natural science theory simply because that the scientist who came up with the theory is the authority and there are not any other theories to believe. If natural sciences are the studies of non-living objects then in my opinion human sciences studies the most vigorous objects, the minds of human beings. As I mentioned earlier, natural science is like playing piano, as long as people follow the symbol written on the piano sheets, they will get the same melody. In contrary, human beings

Fahrenheit 451 essays

Fahrenheit 451 essays Fahrenheit 451 is a futuristic novel, telling the story of a time where books and independent thinking are outlawed. Books and ideas are destroyed, books are incinerated, where as ideas thinking becomes a danger to society and is not tolerated. The Hearth and the Salamander is the title of part one. The salamander represents the main character of Guy Montag. Montag's occupation as a fireman is to burn books and text to erase their existence and impact on thinking. The symbol of a Phoenix is used throughout the novel. The Phoenix was a mythical bird of ancient Arabian legend. The Phoenix symbolizes the rebirth after destruction by fire. Firemen wear a crest of the Phoenix on their uniforms. Montag, after realizing the truth of his job, opens his eyes and sees that fire and destruction has indeed destroyed his newly gained ideals, he wishes to be reborn. With his new ideas of knowledge, he goes to Faber with ideas to save the books, and he hides books in his house. Montag ev en goes as far as stealing books from houses that he is supposed to be destroying. Phoenix is "reborn" only to get burnt and destroyed, again. Like the Phoenix, Guy's life is a cycle of getting burnt and rebirth, until one time the away Montag escapes and where Montag kills Capt. Beatty by igniting him with the liquid fire. For Montag, fire has been good to serve the purpose of being a fireman. Fire is one of the only things Montag knows, and the only thing he knows as a solution is to burn the problem. Capt. Beatty has taught Guy that fire is the solution to everything, when in reality, fire destroyed books, homes, people, Capt. Beatty, Montag's house, and in the end, it destroyed the city from which Montag barely escaped. However, fire also symbolizes something else, warmth and hope. It is not until the very end that Guy realizes that fire does not have to be destructive, it is a tool which can have many uses. After meeting the othe ...

Famous Quotes About Friendship and Love

Famous Quotes About Friendship and Love Can friendships be platonic? Is there an invisible space that exists between friends? Can best friends fall in love? Many marriages are the product of friendship. While it is not correct to say that platonic love does not exist, sometimes sparks do fly. Love blossoms when there is no boundary or space. It may take a while for you to realize how and when the friendship grew into love. The natural progression may not be sudden, but friends are often caught unawares when amorous feelings creep into their heart. Once a friend falls in love, there is no going back. If the love is reciprocated, the relationship can reach a new level of intimacy and passion. However, if love is unrequited, the friendship faces the risk of destruction. To revert to the same old platonic friendship may be difficult at this stage. If you harbor a secret passion for your dear friend, but you are unsure of their feelings, tread carefully. Look out for telltale signs of love. Does their hand linger on yours longer than usual? Do they look at you even when you are not looking at them? You can take the help of a common friend to find out how strongly they feel about you. Quotes About Love and Friendship If words fail you, use these friendship and love quotes to subtly convey your feelings. If they are unsure, help them overcome their hesitation by using tender friendship and love quotes. Share your dreams and fantasies with your beloved and let your love overpower them. Khalil Gibran It is wrong to think that love comes from long companionship and persevering courtship. Love is the offspring of spiritual affinity and unless that affinity is created in a moment, it will not be created for years or even generations. Heather Grove Just because you know someone doesnt mean you love them, and just because you dont know people doesnt mean you cant love them. You can fall in love with a complete stranger in a heartbeat, if God planned that route for you. So open your heart to strangers more often. You never know when God will throw that pass at you. John LeCarre The reward for love is the experience of loving. Homer The difficulty is not so great to die for a friend, as to find a friend worth dying for. C. S. Lewis Unsatisfied desire is in itself more desirable than any other satisfaction. Mason Cooley Friendship is love minus sex and plus reason. Love is friendship plus sex and minus reason. George Jean Nathan Love demands infinitely less than friendship. Joan Crawford Love is a fire. But whether it is going to warm your hearth or burn down your house, you can never tell. Erich Fromm Immature love says I love you because I need you. Mature love says I need you because I love you. Francois Mauriac No love, no friendship can cross the path of our destiny without leaving some mark on it forever. Edna St. Vincent Millay Where you used to be, there is a hole in the world, which I find myself constantly walking around in the daytime, and falling in at night. I miss you like hell. V. C. Andrews, Petals on the Wind Angel, saint, Devils spawn, good or evil, youve got me pinned to the wall and labeled as yours until the day I die. And if you die first, then it wont be long before I follow. Karen Casey Truly loving another means letting go of all expectations. It means full acceptance, even celebration of anothers personhood. The Gestalt Prayer I do my thing and you do yours. I am not in this world to live up to your expectations, and you are not in this world to live up to mine. You are you and I am I and if by chance we find each other, then it is beautiful. If not, then it cant be helped. Charles Dickens, Great Expectations Ill tell you...what real love is. It is blind devotion, unquestioning self-humiliation, utter submission, trust and belief against yourself and against the whole world, giving up your whole heart and soul to the smiter - as I did! Goethe It is the true season of love, when we know that we alone can love, that no one could ever have loved before us and that no one will ever love in the same way after us. Victor Hugo, Les Miserables She loved with so much the more passion as she loved with ignorance. She did not know whether it was good or evil, beneficient or dangerous, necessary or accidental, eternal or transitory, permitted or prohibited: she loved. Ovid Love and dignity cannot share the same abode. Albert Schweitzer Sometimes our light goes out but is blown again into flame by an encounter with another human being. Each of us owes the deepest thanks to those who have rekindled this inner light. Andre Pevost Platonic love is like an inactive volcano. Francois De La Rochefoucauld No disguise can long conceal love where it is, nor feign it where it is not. David Tyson Gentry True friendship comes when the silence between two people is comfortable. Felicity I guess when your heart gets broken, you sort of start to see cracks in everything. Im convinced that tragedy wants to harden us, and our mission is never to let it.

Political Typology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Typology - Research Paper Example Barack Obama is the 44th president of the United States and a democrat in practice (Gormley, p.205). He is the first African American President in the United States after practicing law and holding a senatorial position early that ushered him into the current political position he holds. Currently, his position represents democrats. The history that he has a civil rights attorney represents his position on promotion of peace and constitutionalism in all aspects of the American people (Michael & Schraufnagel, p.65). The development through the political ranks has had President Obama grow his support from the Democrats that yielded into a political victory that saw him elected president. Looking at the works of President Obama in office, there is a resonance of the democrat’s approach to management that seeks to establish peace rather than employing military approaches to safeguarding the country. The recent utterances on the attack over the terrorism incident in Paris allowing refugees to continue moving to the United States despite the terrorism fear have indicated the approach of Democrats more as peace loving people that do not depend on military approaches in supporting the development of the country’s political arena (Roberts & McCarthy). Foreign policy includes Obama’s approach to the war in Iraq by ending the war and any involvement of the United States in Iraq. Democrats advocate for peace by ensuring that all avenues that indicate to war are approached with a friendly approach.

Ageing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ageing - Essay Example The impact of physiotherapy on healthy ageing is both short and long-term, and, as a result, requires both short and long-term solutions. Contrary to common perspectives, successful ageing is more than just about the absence of disease. There are many disease-free people who do not age successfully, and research shows that the absence of disease is just of a myriad of aspects that need the utmost attention to enable successful ageing. As a matter of fact, successful ageing involves personal, social and economic issues that have a significant impact on one’s lifespan and manner of ageing (Timonen, 2008:31). Physical health, financial security, independence, productivity and employment, good adjustment and a positive outlook, and maintaining participation in activities and with individuals who cultivate support and meaning are all important components of life that contribute towards successful ageing. Physiotherapy has a huge role to play in successful ageing because it involves most of these issues. Physiotherapy promotes physical and mental health and is influential in cultivating a positive outlook of life in individuals. Since health professionals and policymakers have a vital and active role to play in the formulation of health policies (that also affect physiotherapy), they impact successful ageing in many ways (Newman, 1995:46). Just like all aspects of health care, creation of good physiotherapy policies has a positive influence on individuals’ mental and physical health. Government agencies and private organisations have a clear and defined role to play in the promotion of successful ageing. Health professionals (e.g., physiotherapists) can collaborate with government agencies and private healthcare entities in numerous ways to enable the development and promotion of effective, successful ageing policies (Timonen, 2008:33). Collaboration can take many forms depending on the goals and objectives of a specific initiative. For

Incident at Oglala Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Incident at Oglala - Movie Review Example At preliminary glance, the main focus is on the shooting on the reservation which clearly flaunts violence. But if glimpsed upon a different perspective, the film also tackles the positive power of concinnity among the traditional natives. American Indian Movement, an organization established by natives, is a quintessence of unity among its people. During that time, the reservation is a clear cut picture of a forlorn landscape. Despondency is a norm, but the cohesiveness of the indigenous people has been evidently seen through the foundation of AIM. The respect for their culture and amongst the full blooded natives prevails. Leonard Peltier’s obedience to his Indian values has also been accentuated through his statements. He mentioned that being an AIM warrior makes him responsible to other people, whether it is menial task like fixing houses. Although the film is obviously made to illuminate Peltier’s innocence, it is noteworthy that Michael Apted made an effort to inc lude interviews from former FBI agents and members of the prosecution. This is certainly an attempt to make opinions of opposing parties known. Before the shooting at Oglala, there is already an atmosphere of violence throughout the reservation due to tribal conflicts. Traditional and nontraditional Indians are in dispute. This infighting has left many American Indians dead. Women and children ingenuously lost lives when caught in cross fires. Most of those who managed to survive may presumably suffered psychological trauma. The part that had made the situation worse was the ostensible ignorance on the part of the government. According to the film, the death toll is the highest in this area than of any other places in the country. On the day of the shooting, not only did two federal agents died, a native also died in the person of Joe Stuntz. Nobody was sued for the killing of the said native. The government is presumably either taking

Dictatorship Definition Essay Example for Free

Dictatorship Definition Essay Dictatorship as a form of government is not new. It was a recognised institution in the republican Rome where normally the authority of government was vested in two presidents called Consuls. In times of emergency the Romans used to appoint a Director to supersede the Consuls, granting him supreme powers to meet the crisis. But Roman dictatorship was a temporary expedient to meet a crisis and was discarded when the crisis was past. Moreover, the dictator was selected by a legal process with the obligation to submit his use of power to the scrutiny of the permanent authority. The Roman dictatorship was, therefore, â€Å"a constitutional device under which the constitution was suspended during a grave crisis of the State. This description of dictatorship does not apply to the modem dictators of former Soviet Russia, Italy, Germany and some other countries. Modem dictators are not selected by a legal process for a limited period of time in order to steer the State through a national emergency. They come into power as a result of a coup d’etat. Force is the criterion of their political authority and they remain in power as long as force can retain them. They are responsible to no authority except to themselves. The whole authority of the State is vested in one individual person and he personifies the State. Some writers are of the opinion that the Russian dictatorship was the dictatorship of a party while in Germany and Italy it was the dictatorship of individuals. But Nazism in Germany and Fascism in Italy were also the rule of a party, though they remained all through overshadowed by a single personality just as Bolshevism was in the days of Lenin and Stalin. Till yesterday, Khrushchev’s personality loomed large on the political horizon. In fact, no government, as Maclver has shown, is ever actually in the hands of a single individual. If there is a single seemingly supreme ruler, he inevitably rests his power on the active support of an associated class. He rules in its interests no less than with its cooperation. He nearly always has a council of advisers who represent that class. Hitler and Mussolini were leaders of the Nazi and Fascist parties. They selected their ministers from the ranks of their own parties in order to pursue the ends of their respective parties. There is, accordingly, no difference between the Russian type of dictatorship and that of Central European countries. If there was any, it was only one of degree rather than of kind. In USSR it was really a triple dictatorship—that of the Communist Party as regards the mass of citizens, that of the inner group as regards the rest of the Party, and that of the leader as regards inner group, party and the nation.

Future Trends In 4g Networks Information Technology Essay

Future Trends In 4g Networks Information Technology Essay Mobile communication is continuously one of the hottest areas that are developing at a booming speed, with advanced techniques emerging in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. Current times are just the beginning for deploying 3G mobile communication systems, hike research on the next generation of mobile communications, 4G Wireless and mobile networks begin to pave the way for the future. This paper studies the visions of 4G from a technical perspective. After a brief review on the development history and status of mobile communications and related 4G perspectives, present an overall 4G feature framework based on the kernel concept of integration, in hitch to key features (diversity and adaptability) of the three targets (terminals, networks, and applications) are described in detail. The concepts of both external and internal diversity of each target are defined to illustrate the causes and solutions of the adaptable feature. Then, along the entire 4G domain, each feature in the framework is deeply discussed from a technical standpoint, in which promising techniques and possible research issues for sufficient support of adaptability are also proposed. Finally, a short summary on 4G visions is presented as a continuum of features in the development of the mobile communications world. In this technology, we go in for a new motive so as to help the deaf people to communicate as efficiently as the normal human being. This could be well achieved by means of introducing new software called the voice to text converter (VoTC). INTRODUCTION: Mobile communications and wireless networks are developing at an astounding speed, with evidences of significant growth in the areas of mobile subscribers and terminals, mobile and wireless access networks, and mobile services and applications. The present time is just right to start the research of 4G mobile communications because of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Possibility, according to the historical indication of a generation revolution once a decade, and now we are near the end of 3G standardization phase and the beginning of 3G deployment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Necessity: according to 3G goals, 3G is necessary but not sufficient to the mobile communication strategy, in which many problems are only partly solved and there are still many problems left to be solved in the next generation, i.e. 4G. There is plenty of related research on the next generation mobile communications. However, most of the ongoing research can be classified into two different classes: 1) Many of the related 4G research focuses mainly on one specific technical area, such as distributed computing, mobile agents, multimedia services, or radio air interfaces, etc. 2) Some pieces of research are interested mainly in 4G scenarios from the standpoints of service provider or user, or a market analyst, from a less or non-technical viewpoint. The difference of this paper to other related pieces of research is that we are going to present overall visions on the features of 4G mobile communications, based on a feature framework and provide detailed proposals to respective support techniques and research topics. This paper is organized as follows. The next section consists of a brief review in the development history and status of mobile communications, together with an analysis of the problems of 3G and developing trends summarized. The following text is comprised with, after a survey of related 4G perspectives, we present an overall 4G feature framework based on the key concept of integration, and then describe each of the two features (diversity and adaptability) of the three relevant targets (terminals, networks, and applications) in detail. The heart of this paper deeply discusses the adaptability feature of each three targets in the entire 4G domain from a technical standpoint, in which promising techniques and possible research issues are proposed. The skeleton of this paper figures out a short summary on 4G visions. The declining part concludes the paper. A. 4G Feat urge Framework We summarize our proposal of 4G features with one sentence, or even more simply, with one word: integration, i.e. seamless integration of terminals, networks, and applications (together with users). A more detailed analysis and explanation of the definition is as follows. 1) The discussion domain includes three relevant targets, i.e. terminals, networks, and applications. Out of the 4G domain, the user is the only target. 2) The kernel word of the definition is so-called integration, which means the convergence of first the three different targets; second the various modes of each target, which lead to the feature of diversity. 3) The modifier seamless, which means the character and requirement of integration, implies the support of the adaptability feature between the three targets, each one of which is largely miscellaneous. . In order to clarify the concept, we define two kinds of diversity: external diversity and internal diversity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ External diversity is outside the target, which brings along the demand of the adaptability feature to all targets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internal diversity is inside each of the targets, and it acts as the solution for adaptability requirements. In short, the need for adaptability is caused by external diversity, and it is solved by internal diversity. Here both the external and internal diversity of users are the cause of all adaptability requirements, which implies that the user is out of the technical domain of 4G visions. The two main features. I.e. diversity and adaptability of the three targets terminal, network, and application are described in detail in the next section. B. 4G Feature Description 1) User Diversity: The external diversity of users, i.e. people in different situations, includes e.g. culture, educational background, economic capability, physical property, personal preference, etc. The internal diversity of users, i.e. people with different interfaces, include e.g. vision, hearing, speech, touch sense, hands and fingers, body, etc. Note that as for users, both their external and internal diversity are to be adapted by the other two targets: terminal and application. Moreover, for adapting the two kinds of user diversity, both the external and internal diversity of terminals and applications are the solution. 2) Terminal Diversity and Adaptability: The terminals external diversities are the differences of terminals in both static and mobile attributes. Static attributes include e.g. functionality, weight, size, battery life, human interface, antenna, processing capability, security, style, and cost. Mobile attributes include dynamic attributes of both temporal and spatial features. The former category contains e.g. moving speed and acceleration, along with stationary, pedestrian or vehicular qualities, while the latter is connected to spatial range, e.g. indoors, on-campus, in urban and rural environments, and also direction. The internal diversity of terminals means that one terminal may integrate multiple functions, modes, interfaces, flexibilities, etc. There are three targets for terminal adaptability. For users, it includes the provision of different terminals to satisfy different users and an individual users various requirements. As for applications, we hope that miscellaneous services can be delivered to one single terminal. When networks are concerned, a single terminal can reach a wide range of networks despite of location and mobile rate. 3) Network Diversity and Adaptability: The external diversity of networks is obvious. Internet is assorted by nature, while wireless networks keep the same property. For instance air interfaces can integrate all kinds of standards and work on different frequencies. Moreover, multiple operators deploy networks with multiple standards and protocols. The internal diversity of networks means that one network can interconnect with other different networks and transfer various kinds of loads, e.g. cellular systems with various coverage. Three targets are related to network adaptability. In reference to terminals, network adaptability aims to make multiform mobile devices with a wide range of moving speeds and mobile areas connectable to wireless networks. For applications, there is a requirement that any type and/or quality of service can be delivered through diverse fixed and mobile networks in the most suitable and efficient way. The target for networks themselves is to make it easy to build a 40 feature framework in order to be transmitted correctly and efficiently. We present the support techniques for each of the above features in the next forthcoming text. D. 4G TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE It is obvious that 4G, just like all the previous generations, is driven not only by technology, but also by market requirements. This section mainly discusses, from a more technical perspective, possible topics for research and promising techniques of 4G, and focuses mainly on those techniques that give support to the main feature of adaptability by internal diversity of targets in the 4G domain. Fig. 2 gives an illustration of the discussion domain of 4G. Technical details are ignored here because of the length limitation of the paper. The various possibilities of competition among services are illustrated above. A.Terminals In order to adapt to the diverse applications and networks, together with the various requirements of users, the terminal domain must possess both internal and external diversity. Support techniques of the field may include the following: 1) User interfaces of terminals vary from traditional keyboard, display, and tablet, to new interfaces based on Lasers Speech, touch, vision, soft buttons, etc. This will be common at a time when one terminal has multiple user interfaces. 2) Adaptive techniques such as smart antennas, software radio, and smart transceivers, enhance interoperability through simultaneous support of several radio interfaces in a single terminal. This makes a terminal roam able across any air interface standard and connectable to any wireless access point by exchanging configuration software. These approaches can also be used on wireless access points as an advanced smart base station. 3) Terminals will be aware of location and context, often based on some wireless low power sensors that are human- sensitive and/or environment-sensitive in order to monitor and interact with the physical world to report the human and/or environmental factors. The advances in this area have been used in e.g. wearable computers as a novel terminal type. 4) An intelligent terminal is able to dynamically improve its processing capability in order to contain various services. Some function modules can even be downloaded to a terminal when needed. B. Networks More advances in networks are needed to keep pace with the rapidly changing terminals and applications, as follows: 1) Smart antenna, software radio, together with advanced base station are the key techniques to achieve adaptability of wireless access points to diverse terminals, i.e. to make radio systems and air networks re-configurable. 2) Hierarchical and ubiquitous as well as overlay cellular systems, including Pico cell, micro cell, macro cell, and mage cell ones, implement seamless network interconnection of both symmetric and asymmetric nature, and seamless terminal handoff of both horizontal and vertical levels respectively. 3) Network layer hierarchical mobility management based on Mobile IPv6 and Cellular make networks portable and adaptable of self-deployed wireless networks to introduce this concept IP brings quick and seamless handoff to terminals. The Mobile IPv6 also presents a great contribution to the adaptability of heterogeneous networks. 4) Ad hoc wireless networks are a kind, and thus dynamically share unlicensed radio spectrum 4G Mobile Communications 5) Network reconfiguration can be obtained by the reconfiguration of protocol stacks and programmability of network nodes. Thus, it can adapt dynamically to the changing channel conditions and low or high data rate users. 6) Miscellaneous services can be delivered through a mixture of transmission networks including unicast, attribute, importance, bandwidth demand, or data stream type, multiple levels of Quos can be defined for various services. multicast, and broadcast ones. According to the service types, e.g. real-time 7) Network resource can be dynamically allocated to cope with varying traffic load, channel condition, and service environment. Traffic conditions will be dynamically monitored and controlled via techniques such as distributed and decentralized control of network functionalities. C. Applications Adaptability will be one of the basic requirements to the development and delivery of new mobile services. Promising techniques and possible topics may include: 1) Mobile application should refer to a users profile so that it can be delivered in a way most preferred by the subscriber, such as context-based personalized services. This also brings the applications with adaptability to terminals that are moving in varying locations and speeds. Micro-sensors and GPS receivers are the main driven techniques. 2) Techniques such as adaptive multimedia and unified messaging take the terminal characteristics into account and ensure that the service can be received and run on a terminal with the most suitable form to the host type. 3) Intelligent mobile software agent is a common technique to all of the three targets, which act as a platform for service development, delivery, and auto-configuration. 4) Applications can negotiate with networks so that they can be transferred with the most efficient channel, e.g. indoor networks or WLAN or cellular systems in a wide area. Services will be tailor able in order to fit the different network environments and the varying traffic conditions. 5) Services and applications can also be smoothly delivered across a multiple domain of operators and service providers. 4G VISIONS SUMMARY We present Table 2 as a summary of the discussion above, which is a continuum of Table 1 with visions of 4G features. CONCLUSION This paper presents 4G visions from a technical perspective. After a brief review of the history and status of mobile communications, we propose a 4G feature framework, in which features of 4G mobile communications are defined. The framework is based on the key concept of integration, and it has the following characteristics: 1) Targets in the framework include users, terminals, networks, and applications, which compass the entire technical domain and operating environment of 4G. 2) Core features of 4G are described as diversity and adaptability of the targets, leading to seamless integration. 3) The feature of diversity includes both external and internal diversity, in which adaptability is caused by external diversity and is solved by internal diversity. Technical perspectives are presented for each of the features in the paper, in. which also some promising techniques and possible research issues of 4G are introduced. The proposed framework provides a layout view on future communication systems, and challenging research topics are figured for guiding systematic research of 4G 4G VISIONS SUMMRY Property 4G Starting Time 2010-2012 . Driven Technique Intelligent-software Auto configuration Representative Standard OFDM, UWB Radio Frequency (HZ) 3G-5G Bandwidth (bps) IOM-20M Multi-address Technique FDMA, TDMA, CDMA Cellular coverage Mini area Core networks All-IP networks

Its my opinion :: social issues

It's my opinion I was told that the principal had used her executive power to chop up my article into bits that didn’t contain the harassing, offensive points that it originally owned. I was sad, very very sad. It’s tough for someone with a weak emotional structure to be rejected and told I’m harassing to younger people. So, the advisors went to the bargaining table, nothing changed. Therefore we revised, redid, and reedited the entire article and pumped out a version that had the heart and soul cut out of it, but we put it in the paper anyway. The version that came out in the last edition didn’t have the same edge that the original copy had. Now I have respect for people who have the courage to challenge the freedom of press (that’d be me). Bring it on. I’m not afraid of having my paper rejected. I take it as a compliment. If you want to try to challenge me, I will have the last word. I think of myself as an Epicurean. That means I don’t believe in emotions, but it also means I’m perverted. Anyway, someone without emotions has no conscience, without a conscience you are free of convictions. Being free of conviction means I cannot be offended. My anger is under my control, I choose not anger myself with the people who are angered with me. I divert my anger to people who cannot control themselves. That basically means that if your mad at me, and you try to make me angry it won’t work. For the last year of writing this column it has been more or less a joke. It was designed to make people chuckle a little. Now, this year I was told by the staff that the offender had no real point, just humor. So I decided for my first piece I would take a controversial subject, such as eroding senior privileges, and put my own point of view down and the point of view from many of the other seniors. I realize that I didn’t look at it from everyone’s point of view. That, I believe, was a mistake on my behalf. This is a subject that has seriously infuriated me and I took it out in a public piece. I believe there will be more people looking to my column, since I have written a controversial piece.

International Business Strategy Hill

International Business Strategy FALL 2010 Course Outline 1. motivation and description of the course Companies today confront an increasing array of choices regarding markets, locations for key activities, outsourcing and ownership modes, and organization and processes for managing across international borders. This course focuses on the international dimensions of strategy and organization, and provides a framework for formulating strategies in an increasingly complex world. The goal of this course is to provide the foundations for taking effective action in the multi-faceted world of international business. 2. ourse structure The structure of this course follows a logical sequence where first the international environment is analysed in relation to the international strategies of firms. Next, we study the optimal scope of the firm across geographic markets, and whether a firm should diversify – or expand its scope across different geographic markets. Such a scope economy can either be demand side, when the firm can replicate a strategy that works well domestically in a country that was previously missing that product or service, or supply side, when a firm seeks to exploit a valuable resource from within a new market. In the first case, a firm arbitrages a product or a strategic capability into a new market whereas, in the second case, it arbitrages the factor cost advantage of a new market. We will also see that in order for the firm to extend the scope of activities under its own management to a foreign country, there has to be some market failure present preventing that firm from simply licensing or selling its valuable resource to an indigenous firm – or buy it from an indigenous firm in the case of supply-side scope economies. As most cross-border expansion of significance currently occurs through M&A or alliances, we look at the particular hallenges such operations entail for the firm. Finally, we examine how the off-shoring of activities may help firms to better compete in the global economy. Method The course proceeds through a combination of lectures, readings, and making use of the case method. You should have completed the set readings prior to a class and be prepared to answer t he case questions in class. This means that you should have read the assigned case for a class and be prepared to answer the questions on that case. Some classes have Optional Readings, which are simply listed in case you have particular interest in reading further on a topic. Case analysis involves an enhanced role for class discussion, supplemented by lecture material. Generally, the goal of class discussion is to arrive at a collective analysis of the issues presented by the materials. Analysis of international strategy issues is not accomplished through the routine application of formulas, but rather through reasoned analysis under conditions of limited information, uncertainty, by individuals and groups from different backgrounds and with particular schemas and ways and structures of organizing knowledge. With a case, you should be able to identify the key issues, problems, and opportunities facing the central protagonists, to articulate and evaluate alternative approaches to tackling the problems, and to describe the course of action that you recommend and the reasons for your recommendation. Case selection criteria in part includes variation across contexts and you should be able to port and apply the frameworks, concepts and tools from one case, context and part of the course to another. Course Readings The principal textbook for the Course is: Hill, Charles W. L. 2011. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. NY: McGraw-Hill International Edition (Eighth Edition). Readings from this textbook are supplemented by cases and other readings. 3. assessment Individual grades for this course have two components: – Class attendance + assignments(25%) – Written exam (75%) 4. course overview and materials 27 September Introduction and course structure Globalization and regional integration Learning Objectives: †¢ Explain the phenomenon of globalization; Explain why managers today need a global perspective; †¢ Describe the effects of globalization on markets and production; †¢ Explain how technology and innovation support globalization; †¢ Globalization versus regional economic integration; †¢ Business strategies and regional integration. Reading: Hill, Chapter 1. Globalization Chapter 8. Regional Economic Integration. Optional Reading: P. Dicken. 2007. Global Shift mapping th e changing contours of the World economy, 5th edition, London: Sage Publications. October What makes countries and regions different? The role of culture, institutions and political and economic systems. Learning Objectives: †¢ Identify the business and economic implications of differences in culture; †¢ Understand differences in political and economic systems of countries; †¢ Discuss the role of public policies in relation to the competitiveness of a country; †¢ Explain how indicators of a country’s competitiveness can help firms decide where to locate production activities. Reading: Hill, Chapter 2: National Differences in Political Economy. Chapter 3: Differences in Culture. Optional Reading: E. Thompson, National Competitiveness: A Question of Cost Conditions or Institutional Circumstances, British Journal of Management, Vol. 15, 197–218 (2004). 11 October International trade theory, foreign direct investment and competitiveness Learning Objectives: †¢ Explain the evolution of different trade theories; Discuss the relevance of the New trade theory and Porters diamond; †¢ Discuss the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world economy, and the changing patterns of FDI over time; †¢ Present different theories that explain why a company would undertake an acquisition rather than a Greenfield investment; †¢ Explain horizontal FDI, and suggest the conditions under which it may be most applicable; †¢ Explain vertical FDI, and suggest the conditions under which it may be most applicable. Reading: Hill, Ch. 5, In ternational Trade Theory, Ch. 6. The Political Economy of International Trade Ch. 7. Foreign Direct Investment . Optional Reading: Dunning, John. 2009. Location and the multinational enterprise: A neglected factor? (+ Comments). Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 40, No. 1, 5-41 The Global Competitiveness Report, 2010-2011, World Economic Forum, Geneva 18 October Successful FDI promotion: how regions seek to influence corporate FDI For corporate FDI to be successful, it should pre-empt or be aligned with the FDI priorities of the host country and region. International businesses cannot achieve durable advantages if it is out of sync with the aspirations of policy makers in the ‘go-to’ locations. Hence executives should seek to understand such aspirations and the related strategies. This module explores how policy makers seek to make their constituencies more attractive for FDI. It addresses the challenges that both National Investment Promotion Agencies (IPAs) and Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) face to develop successful strategies and to see these through to implementation. In this context, the module will cover both the offer that IPAs and RDAs can provide to corporate FDI decision makers, as well as the delivery thereof. Real life examples will be used to understand what works and what doesn’t work today – both for mature economies (e. g. Western Europe), transforming economies (e. g. Central Europe) and emerging economies (e. g. Asia). Learning Objectives: †¢ Understand the prevailing economic development concepts and FDI promotion strategies; †¢ Explore the pro’s and con’s of the strategies; †¢ Understand the prevailing incentive schemes that regions use to attract corporate FDI; Understand the EU’s policies towards incentives; †¢ Distil common guidelines for policy makers; †¢ Understand what corporations can and should do to capitalize on local economic; development concepts and FDI promotion strategies. Optional Reading: Michael E. Porter, 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press 25 October The Strategy of International Business: Creating value from internationalisation Learning Objectives: †¢ Understand how internationalisation can create value; †¢ Measure the contribution of an internationalisation strategy; †¢ Assess the business model of the firm in an international context. Discuss how firms should handle the complex international environment; †¢ Suggest the reasons why firms may decide to enter international business, and identify the benefits from international strategies; Case: CEMEX Reading: Hill, Ch. 12, The Strategy of International Business, pp 419- 447 Extra note: â€Å"The value of a global strategy: the ADDING framework†. Extra note: â€Å"Adapting the business model to international markets†. Discussion Questions: 1) What benefits have CEMEX and the other global competitors in cement derived from globalization? Use the ADDING framework in answering this question. 2) What explains the better than average performance of CEMEX? How does this relate to industry specific factors and the competition within the industry? 3) What makes CEMEX’s internationalization process so effective? What procedures and techniques are used? 4) In what other countries could CEMEX profitably expand its business? What are important factors to be considered for entering new markets. 1 November Holiday 8 November The Strategy of International Business: Design and implementation Learning Objectives: †¢ Outline the basic strategies undertaken by MNEs, and specifically focus on how they relate to the needs for local responsiveness and cost minimization; †¢ What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a global strategy? †¢ Discuss how firms should handle the complex international environment. Reading: Ghemawat ,P. â€Å"redefining Global Strategy, Chrossing Borders in a World Where Differences Matter†, Harvard Business School press, Cambridge, MA, 2007. Chapter 3 – Global Value Creation. Case: BRL Hardy Discussion Questions: ) What are the driving forces behind BRL Hardy to become a global company? 2) What is the source of tension between Stephen Davies and Christopher Carson? How effectively has Steve Millar handled the differences? 3) Should Millar approve Carson’s proposal to launch D’istinto? Why or why not? 4) What recommendations would you make to the organization concerning the conflicting proposals for Ke lly’s revenge and Banrock Station? What would you decide to do as Carson? As Millar? 15 November The Organization of International Business: Organizational architecture of the International firm. Learning Objectives: Identify the different kinds of organizational structures and internal control mechanisms that international businesses can use to manage global operations; †¢ Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and decentralized decision systems; †¢ Present the basic types of organizational forms that multinational firms use; †¢ Describe the control systems and integrating mechanisms available to multinational firms; †¢ Show how the organizational architecture, control systems, integrating systems, and decision making choices multinational firms have available must be consistent with their strategy and industry environment. Case: BRL Hardy Reading: Hill, chapter 13, The Organization of International Business, pp 449-484. Optional Reading: Verbeke, Alain, Kenworthy,. Thomas. 2008 . Multidivisional vs metanational governance of the multinational enterprise, Journal of International Business Studies, 39( 6) : 940-956 22 November Growing internationally to become a world leader. The case of AB InBev. Invited lecture by Mr. Beni Roos, former executive director Interbrew 29 November Entering foreign markets Learning Objectives: †¢ Present the advantages and disadvantages of six different modes of entering new countries and markets; †¢ Bring together the issues of FDI theory and the issues of strategy and organization to better understand why different firms may make different decisions regarding the best modes of entry; Case: Lincoln Electric Reading: Hill, chapter 14, Entry Strategy and Strategic Alliances, pp. 487-518 Optional Reading: Kim, W. Cha, Hwang, peter. 1992. Global Strategy and Multinationals’ entry mode, Journal of International Business Studies, 23, 29-53. Discussion Questions: 1. Put yourself in CEO John Stropki's shoes. Should Lincoln Electric expand into India by investing in a major production facility there? 2. If you were to expand into India, would you enter through acquisition, a greenfield site, or some type of joint venture? Which factors would inform your decision among these entry mode choices? 3. In which countries is Lincoln Electric likely to be most successful or least successful? Why? How would this guide your own choice of where to place Lincoln Electric's production facilities abroad? 4. When Lincoln Electric goes to India and other countries, what factors should determine how much it adapts its core incentive pay-for-performance management practices to local labour market norms? Should Lincoln Electric follow the adage â€Å"when in Rome, do as the Romans do,† or should it seek to always replicate the recipe behind its success in the home plant in Cleveland? 6 December Cross-Border Arbitrage and Outsourcing Learning Objectives: Understand cost, resource, and market-based advantages of on-shore, near-shore and off-shore locations and their implications for â€Å"roles† of operating units, and how to exploit differences across countries to directly create value; †¢ Present the phenomenon of outsourcing jobs from â€Å"advanced nations,† such as the United States or Western Europe; †¢ Understand that while much attention is paid to t he economic differences across countries – such as through offshoring and outsourcing – there may be important arbitrage differences based on cultural, administrative, and geographic differences. Reading: Hill, chapter 16, Global Production, Outsourcing and Logistics, pp 562-586 Optional Reading: Ferdows, Kasra, 1997. Making the most of foreign factories. Harvard Business Review (March): 73-88. AT Kearney, 2009. The shifting geography of offshoring Lewin, Arie Y. e. a. , 2009. Getting Serious About Offshoring in a Struggling Economy, Shared Services News (February): 19-23 Discussion Questions: 1) What are corporate risks associated with outsourcing, and what can be done to mitigate these risks? 2) Are wage arbitration based outsourcing tactics soon to become redundant as result of global wage cost escalations? 3 December Setting up international strategic alliances Learning Objectives: †¢ Discuss the role of strategic alliances, their advantages and disadvantages, †¢ Highlight the factors critical to making alliances work Reading: Hill, chapter 14, Entry, Strategy and Strategic alliances, pp 487-518 Optional Reading: Reuer, Jeffrey. (2004). Strategic alliances: Theo ry and evidence. New York: Oxford University Press. Case: Lasserre, P. ; Flament, A. ; Fujimura, S. ; Nilles, P. , Renault and Nissan – A marriage of reason. INSEAD (2001) 20 December Review session