Risk Factors for Developing OCD

Risk Factors for Developing OCD OCD Causes Print The Different Causes of Developing OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 29, 2019 Thomas Barwick/Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Mental illnesses such as  obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD) are often chalked up to “chemical imbalances. In  reality,  the situation is much more complex. No one knows exactly what causes OCD, though there are certainly  specific risk factors that seem to be present, such as brain abnormalities, chemical changes,  genetics, and environment.   Is OCD Caused by a Chemical Imbalance? Changes in the neurochemical serotonin, as well as in the neurochemicals dopamine and glutamate, are likely present in OCD. Indeed, medications like the antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improve symptoms for many people. In addition, research in animals and humans seems to suggest that changes in various neurochemicals are at least partly responsible for OCD symptoms. However, it is not clear whether these neurochemical changes cause OCD symptoms or whether they come about as the result of experiencing OCD symptoms. Also, recent studies have shown that OCD very likely involves functional changes in the actual structure of the brain in combination with changes in neurochemicals, rather than simple chemical imbalances. New neuroimaging research has shown that in people with OCD, specific areas of the brain actually function differently than the same areas in those without OCD. However, this finding still doesnt explain how the difference in brain function contributes to the development of OCD.? So, while neurochemicals are certainly important for understanding and  treating OCD, they are definitely not the whole picture. Genetics and Environment Play a Large Role Whether or not someone in your family has OCD is one of the biggest risk factors for developing OCD. The closer the family member and the younger they were when symptoms started, the higher your risk, though no specific gene has been pinpointed yet. In addition, the environment we live in  can have a huge influence on whether OCD symptoms will develop. Someone with a very strong biological vulnerability to OCD may never go on to develop the illness unless they experience the right environmental conditions, such as chronic stress (especially early in life) or a traumatic loss. Why Genes Are Only a Piece of the OCD Puzzle The Role of Behavior Behavior may also play a role in the development of OCD, particularly when under stress. Your brain starts to associate certain objects or situations with fear and in response, you may start avoiding them or creating rituals to lessen the anxiety you feel when you encounter them. For example, you may have had no problem shaking hands with strangers, but while under a lot of stress, you suddenly began to associate shaking hands with strangers with getting sick or spreading germs. You may then stop engaging in this normal act of politeness or get out your hand sanitizer immediately after shaking someones hand if you cant avoid it. Because your behavior reinforces your fear, being afraid of catching a sickness or someone elses germs could then begin to spread to touching anything that others have touched. This could lead to washing your hands multiple times a day until theyre raw and chapped. Treatment The best and most effective treatments for most OCD sufferers are  psychotherapy and/or medication, such as SSRIs. Many people with OCD can live fulfilling, productive lives by learning coping strategies and sticking to their treatment plans. If you think you may have OCD, be sure to talk to your physician. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Marketing - 1680 Words

Market Profile for Cosmetics/Skincare/Toiletries in the Taiwan Market 1 MARKET STRUCTURE 1.1 Size 1 The size of Taiwan’s cosmetics, skincare and toiletries market is estimated at around NZ$4 billion a year. Major consumers are females aged between 20 and 39 and the average amount of money spent by a woman with purchasing power is around NZ$700 a year. Skincare products constitute the biggest share (48 percent) of the overall cosmetics, skincare and toiletries market. In terms of product function, skin whitening, anti-aging and moisturiser are the three most popular products. Anti-aging products are around 30 percent of the skincare product market. In the past few years, the growth of antiaging products has been around 60 percent per†¦show more content†¦International brands such as Shiseido (the market leader which has 11 percent of the Taiwan market), Clinique, Estee Lauder, Lancome, Elizabeth Arden, Max Factor, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise 2 Christian Dior, Bobby Brown and Shu Uemura are the leaders at the high-end of the cosmetics market. There are some domestic brands in the medium-priced levels, but foreign brands are still dominant overall. An increasing number of local brands, for example FORTE, have entered the market and are performing very well with strong promotional campaigns. 2.2 Marketing Strategies It is important to appoint a good agent or distributor as your partner to develop the Taiwan market together with appropriate backup support through product launches, education seminars and ongoing promotional and after-sales support. 2.3 Distribution Channels Distribution channels in Taiwan include traditional physical and emerging virtual channels. Traditional physical distribution channels include health and beauty stores, beauty salons, department stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets and convenience stores. Emerging virtual channels include multi-level marketing, catalogue ordering, internet shopping and television-home shopping. Like many other countries, physical distribution channels are very expensive in Taiwan. Virtual channels are relatively inexpensive in comparison. Therefore, there is an increasing trend in Taiwan to first launch a product through virtual channelsShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing966 Words   |  4 Pagesreflect back over these last five weeks I now have a clearer view of marketing and how it affects not just the consumers of the world and the companies with their marketing managers, but how it affects me. Yes, I am a consumer who clips coupons, budgets my finances, and looks for sale items and this marketing class has taught me that marketing is more than selling or advertising. Marketing managers have a difficult job, as marketing involves identifying, meeting and satisfying the needs of customersRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthis day and age, marketing plays a pivotal role in the business environment. Marketing is dynamic, complicated and challenging. The basic concept of marketing is to identify the need of human and society, and research how to satisfy and create those need. According to American Marketing Association (AMA), defining that marketing is the processed activity which communicate and exchange valuable offerings to customers (AMA, 2013). To be more precise, the main mission of marketing is choosing targetRead MoreMarketing Concept Of Marketing : Marketing1651 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing concept Marketing plays a major function in any business organisation. The essence of marketing is about designing and managing a product and generating exchanges of value from where both the customer and the organisation can attain benefits. Marketing is the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large (Solomon, Marshall Stuart, 2009, p.13). MarketersRead MoreMarketing Functions Of Marketing And Marketing1229 Words   |  5 Pagestrends, the marketing function is used as a measure in the business-to-business practice, to capture and place varied products in a market place (Kono, 2004). A typical market function provides details regarding the planning, information, product distribution, consumer support, risk taking, financing, and standardization and grading amongst other things (Makloof and Sundberg, 2006). In business a market function acts in respect to the corporate marketing, strategic marketing, field marketing and analysisRead MoreMarketing Concept Of Marketing And Marketing1413 Words   |  6 PagesMARKETING CONCEPT Marketing is an act of promoting and selling products or a service, this also includes marketing research and advertising. The marketing concept is the philosophy used by companies to analyse the needs of their customers so they can be better than the competition. As well as this they must also take into consideration the companies capabilities and the environment it is working in, as they can face the pressures of environmental changes. By using the marketing concept companiesRead MoreMarketing Orientation : Marketing And Marketing1450 Words   |  6 Pages A wide range of companies today prefer to adopt the marketing orientated approach to sell their new products rather than using product orientation before.In fact,marketing orientation also helps such companies to earn more profits in the long time.According to Jobber and Ellis Chadwick (2013),marketing orientation focuses on customers need as the primary drivers of organizational performance.However,this is not always the case. Product orientation still be used by some senior executives and thisRead MoreMarketing : Marketing And Relationship Marketing Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrating Marketing With the shift in the external marketing environments, Apple has also shifted its marketing strategy. It personalizes marketing through experiential marketing and relationship marketing. â€Å"Experiential marketing promotes a product by not only communicating a product’s features and benefits but also connecting it with unique and interesting consumer experiences† (Strategic Brand Management, P. 181). Customers can easily experience a sense of community every time they walk in intoRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing1770 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Marketing? A plethora of individuals seem to be misinformed about marketing. Several of these individuals believe that marketing is just advertising. Others will tell you that marketing is all about sales, insinuating that all marketers are just salesmen. Now these beliefs are both right and wrong. â€Å"How can they both be right and wrong at the same time?† you may be asking yourself. Well they are right, because marketing encompasses both advertising and sales. They are both wrong by assumingRead MoreMarketing Mix Of Marketing And Marketing1001 Words   |  5 PagesIn The cutting edge world of marketing dated back in the late 1950s, the four Ps were called the marketing mix, meaning that a marketing plan is a mix of four components. A company who has adopted 4P approach focuses on product, whereas company who has adopted the value approach focuses on value to the consumer. One of other marketing mix is the Value approach. This approach concentrates on delivering value to the consumers or customers, the 4Ps approach is evidently concentrated not on customersRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Marketing And Marketing1878 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Marketing research is the process that associates the consumers, customers, and end users to the marketer through information — information used to classify and describe marketing prospects and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and development understanding of marketing as a process. Marketing research identifies the information required to address these issues, designs the method for collecting information, manages and implements

Analysis Of The Movie Cycles - 2059 Words

Our film, Cycles, is a comedy/drama about a student who witnesses two men getting rid of a body on his way home at night. When they notice him, he steals a bike and escapes and struggles with a haunting paranoia of the two â€Å"gangsters† finding and killing him. The film ends when the doorbell rings suddenly and he reluctantly opens it expecting to see the men. Instead he sees a girl who wants her bike back after he stole it. He returns and bike and turns around relieved, only to be clobbered by the two men who had been waiting for him after all. They go to dispose of his body, but a woman sees them and the film ends with them looking at her, implying that the story loops on itself. In a television drama, it’s important that the audience can†¦show more content†¦In the 19th century, Gustav Freytag notice a similarity in plays and books and created a diagram to demonstrate this, which consists of 5 milestones in the story: 1. Exposition/Introduction: This is where the main characters (and some supporting) are introduced and we get a look into their regular lives before their journey begins. This is also where we see some minor conflict which could build into the main goal. 2. Rising Action: This is where the character’s mission is made clear and they begin their journey. Obstacles are introduced to prevent the protagonists achieving their goals. 3. Climax: The rising action continues building drama until the biggest obstacle lies before the characters, sometimes confronting an antagonist, which they may or may not overcome. 4. Falling Action: Things become clearer and the characters, depending on if came out on top during the climax, are either closing in to their goal or feel their furthest away from it. To create suspense, this is normally where a twist would come in, a successful protagonist could find out their friend was working against them the whole time, or a failed hero discovers something new that gives them another chance. 5. Conclusion: This is where we see the characters triumph or fail and the following consequences. We might see them return to normality or see the backlash after failing their task. This normally gives the audience a sense of closure and

Poverty is one of the worst issues in the United States Free Essays

Poverty is one of the worst issues in the United States. Despite this, poverty has potential to be fixed. Poverty as Capability Deprivation introduces â€Å"capability deprivation† as a method for lowing poverty and strengthening society. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty is one of the worst issues in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Amartya Sen emphasizes social gender roles and other countries’ prioritization on health, education, and job training. We are told that these are areas where United States lacks focus. In The Capabilities approach and Social Justice By Martha Nussbaum, similar issues are addressed and the text supports the same claims that Sen introduces. Nussbaum, however, goes further. She moves into the areas of social justice, gender justice, and the central human capabilities. She proves that central human capabilities are important traits that we have within ourselves, but fail to strengthen due to the lack of experience, skills, and resources. In the last reading, Swamp Nurse by Katherine Boo, we see an example of a case study that took place in Louisiana. This case study focused on what can be done for the part of the population living in poverty. The article examined programs made to help these people in poverty and enhance their skills so that they can find a job, properly care for their children, and take care of themselves. These programs are centered around steps and lectures on health, education, and social skills. Capability deprivation is a more powerful approach to fighting poverty than focusing on the income of the poor because it creates an independent population rather than a government dependent population. At current, low income people are dependent on the government without earning it. They are forced to rely on the government because they do not have the skills, jobs, or means to provide for their families due to their impoverished situations. If we raise the incomes of the poor we would have more balance in our society. Ideally it would be best to raise the income slightly as well as creating programs to teach the poor new trades and skills because this would open more opportunities for people that are in poverty. Capability deprivation is the key for helping fight poverty because it empowers poor people to motivate themselves to get out of poverty. Sen begins to explain ways to enhance capabilities and how other countries show importance to education and health as he says† Asian economies – first Japan, and then South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, and later post-reform China and Thailand and other countries in East Asia and southeast Asia- have done remarkably well in spreading the economic opportunities through an adequately supportive social background, including high levels of literacy, numeracy, and basic education; good general health care; completed land reforms; and so on†( Sen 3). Sen states that in the Asia countries they are more focus on providing education and health care for free then providing just and people depending on government help. This is not only in Asia countries but in Latin America countries. Having Cuban roots my family tells me how things are different from the United States and some of the things that the Cuban society focused on. For example my aunt has never paid school tuition and she went to school to be a doctor. She is very proud that she is and can provide for her family. Another big thing is that they do not pay for health care, its free for her and her family. In many Latin Americas this follows as well. Sen believes in capability deprivation and proves facts that this can lower poverty in many societies, Sen states â€Å" Better basic education and health care improve the quality of life directly; they also increase a person’s ability to earn income and be free of income-poverty as well. The more inclusive the reach of basic education and health care, the more likely it is that even the potentially poor would have a better chance of overcoming penury† ( Sen 3). Sen is explaining that we have many different always to improve poverty and isn’t just providing people with financial help from the government but, its providing them with the basic educational skills, health care and social skills. To have a foundation of basic knowledge to help provided for yourself, to find jobs, know how to take care of yourself and family. Making the society dependent on government help is not going to help these people in the long run because they have become so dependent on getting financial support that it makes it hard to become independent. The government should provide for more programs to enhance the human inter capabilities that we already instinctively have. In the Holy Bible there is a passage where John teaches the people how to fish rather than just giving the hungry people dinner. You are teaching a group of people to fend for hemselves, to acquire what they need by means that they have learned. In giving the poor skills to raise their income, or the ability to do so, you are eradicating poverty. You are not treating it like a chronic disease you are curing it. By the government providing necessary services that accentuate people’s natural abilities capabilities, they are creating a society that tries to help itself rather than relying on just funding. That goes next to what Nussbaum discusses about the central human capabilities that we have. These categories are: life, bodily health, bodily integrity, senses, imagination, thought, emotions, practical reason, play, control over one’s environment and affiliation. Each of these categories has its own meaning and is a natural aspect of our lives that we understand innately. Nussbaum specifies that not everyone reaches these capabilities. Out of the ten capabilities, the three most important are: â€Å"control over one’s environment†, â€Å"bodily health† and â€Å"sense and imagination. The environment includes one’s political view, being able to participate effectively in political choices that govern one’s life having the right of political participation and protections of free speech association. Bodily health includes staying healthy and taking care of one’s body. This also includes being adequately nourished and having adequate shelter. Lastly, sense, imagination and thought exist as senses we use. To imagine, think and reason and to do these things in a â€Å"truly human† way, a way informed and cultivated by an adequate education, including basic mathematical and scientific training are all part of this category. This also includes using imagination and thought though experiencing and producing works and events. Why does Nussbaum think these human capabilities are important? She states â€Å"Central human capabilities as a focus both for comparative quality of life, basic political principles of the sort that can play a role in fundamental constitutional guarantees. These ten capabilities are supposed to be general goals that can be further specified by society. In some form, all are part of a minimum account of social justice: a society that does not guarantee these to all its citizens, at some appropriate threshold level, falls short of being a fully just society, whatever its level of opulence† ( Nussbaum 5). This statement demonstrates that it is not only important to further education, but Sen and Nussbaum are also implying it’s often the most basic aspects of life that are forgotten. Certain programs would help to enhance people’s lives and help them become independent. Nussbaum says that you have to be dependent before becoming independent. How to cite Poverty is one of the worst issues in the United States, Papers

Swot for Top Glove free essay sample

SWOT analysis is a useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organization. SWOT analysis can be classified into internal and external factors affecting a company. The Strengths and Weaknesses of the SWOT analysis represent the internal factors that influence the viability of the company. While the Opportunities and Threats, on the other hand, are the external factors that may affect the companys performances.A SWOT analysis provides more understanding of the organization in relation to its internal and external environment so that manager can formulate better strategy in pursuit of its mission. Strength Top Glove Corporation has a largest market share in glove industry. This company produces a high quality gloves. Besides that, Top Glove Corporation is a global presence company which they export their product to more than 180 countries worldwide. Top Glove Corporation has established the Top Glove Foundation to empower, employees based on merit, the needy and the less fortunate. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot for Top Glove or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Top Glove Foundation provides their funding for charitable purposes, education by giving out scholarship and provides industrial training and also activities in relation to environment preservation. For example, blood donation, Staff Eye Screening Programme, Star NIE Donation and Bursa Rat Race. At the same time, they work hard to minimize the impact of their business activities on the environment, whenever possible. As a conclusion, Top Glove Corporation always ensures them giving back to the society and corporate social responsibility.

Indepth Analysis of of Hector essays

Indepth Analysis of of Hector essays Hector is the mightiest warrior in the Trojan army. Although he meets his match in Achilles, he wreaks havoc on the Achaean army during Achilles' period of absence. He leads the assault that finally penetrates the Achaean ramparts, he is the first and only Trojan to set fire to an Achaean ship, and he kills Patroclus. Yet his leadership contains discernible flaws, especially toward the end of the epic, when the participation of first Patroclus and then Achilles reinvigorates the Achaean army. He demonstrates a certain cowardice when, twice in Book 17, he flees Great Ajax. Indeed, he recovers his courage only after receiving the insults of his comrades- first Glaucus and then Aeneas. He can often become emotionally carried away as well, treating Patroclus and his other victims with rash cruelty. Later, swept up by a burst of confidence, he foolishly orders the Trojans to camp outside Troy's walls the night before Achilles returns to battle, thus causing a crucial downfall the next d ay. But although Hector may prove overly impulsive and insufficiently prudent, he does not come across as arrogant or overbearing, as Agamemnon does. Moreover, the fact that Hector fights in his homeland, unlike any of the Achaean commanders, allows Homer to develop him as a tender, family-oriented man. Hector shows deep, sincere love for his wife and children. Indeed, he even treats his brother Paris with forgiveness and indulgence, despite the man's lack of spirit and preference for lovemaking over military duty. Hector never turns violent with him, merely aiming frustrated words at his cowardly brother. Moreover, although Hector loves his family, he never loses sight of his responsibility to Troy. Admittedly, he runs from Achilles at first and briefly entertains the delusional hope of negotiating his way out of a duel. However, in the end he stands up to the mighty warrior, even when he realizes that the gods have abandoned him. His refusal to flee e...

November Is the Write Time

November Is the Write Time November Is the Write Time November Is the Write Time By Mark Nichol Writing is one of the loneliest pursuits (or professions), and as I know as well as anyone, enthusiasm for expressing oneself is tempered by the daunting challenge of actually doing it. For those of us for whom having written a novel is a more appealing prospect than, you know, actually writing it, National Novel Writing Month provides a quirky motivating nudge. The annual event, which encourages writers to complete the first draft of a novel in thirty days with the knowledge that one can publicly celebrate one’s progress while embracing the morale-boosting benefit of knowing that one is part of a worldwide community of fellow scribes, is in its fourteenth year. Last time around, more than a quarter million people participated from all over planet Earth. Only one out of seven hit the 50,000-word goal, but every one of them started and as we all realize, the first step is the hardest. (More than a hundred NaNoWriMo participants have had the novels they worked on for the event published again, not everyone, but enough to make it reasonable to imagine that someday you number among them.) To help encourage participants, the NaNoWriMo website offers various features and tools, including Pep Talks, email messages from published authors ranging from Booker Prize winner Nick Hornby (whose books High Fidelity, About a Boy, and Fever Pitch have been adapted for film) to newcomer Melissa Mayer, whose young-adult novel Cinder started out as a NaNoWriMo draft. You’ll also find NaNoWriMo badges you can download onto your website or blog, special offers for software products or self-publishing deals, and forums in which you can contact other participants in your area to give and receive advice and encouragement. (Forums include the Appellation Station, where participants can get help with naming people, places, and things and books and the Character Cafe, a resource for development of your dramatis personae.) In addition, NaNoWriMo sponsors ancillary events, such as a fund-raising write-a-thon on site in San Francisco; Camp NaNoWriMo, an extension of the original event held during other months; and support materials for teachers and students involved in the event. And, as usual, the website lets you keep track of your word count and post excerpts of your work. The beauty of this crazy conception is that the timed nature of the event encourages you to do what writers must do to succeed: Just write the damn thing already no time to edit, no opportunity to agonize. Write a crappy first draft. (All first drafts, the site assures you in its inimitably perky-but-puckish style, are crappy.) Sign up, already. Operators are standing by. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101One Sheep, Two Sheep, One Fish, Two Fish . . .13 Theatrical Terms in Popular Usage